Abstract
The answer to alcoholism probably does not lie in the understanding of tolerance and dependence, although they may lead scientists closer to the mystery of addiction to alcohol. Alcoholism is not a unique condition except that the addiction is to alcohol and not drugs, food, money, or power. Tolerance and dependence are also not uniquely found in alcoholism. Tolerance and dependence are naturally occurring “adaptations” found in the use of many drugs, either those to which man becomes addicted or those that benefit man as medications for diseases and other behaviors, especially those that are associated with other addictions.1, 2
Few minds wear out; more rust out. Christian N. Bovee
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jaffe JH: Drug addiction and drug abuse. In Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F. eds: The Pharmocological Basis of Therapeutics, 7th ed., pp. 532–581. New York, Macmillan, 1985.
Miller NS, Dackis CA, Gold MS: The relationship of addiction, tolerance and dependence to alcohol and drugs: A neurochemi-cal approach. Journal of Substance Abuse and Treatment, 1987; 4:197–207.
Victor M, Adams RP: The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Research Publications, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1953; 32:526–573.
Hill MA, Bangham AD: General depressant drug dependency: A biophysical hypothesis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1975; 59:1–9.
Majchrowicz E, Noble EP: Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Eth-anol, Vol. 1. New York: Plenum Press, 1979.
Wilson JR, Erwin G, McClearn GE, Plomin R, Johnson RC, Ahern FM, Cole RE: Effects of behavior: II. Behavioral sensitivity and acute behavioral tolerance. Alcoholism, 1984; 8:4.
Goldstein DB: The effects of drugs on membrane fluidity. In Cowan WM, Shooter EM, Stevens CE Thompson RC, eds.: Annual Review of Pharmacology, 1984; 24:43-64.
Jellinek EM: The disease concept of alcoholism. New Brunswick, NJ, Hillhouse Press, 1960.
Edwards G, Auf A, Hodgson R: Nomenclature and classification of drug and alcohol-related problems: A WHO memorandum. Ball Who, 1981; 59:225–242.
Lieber CS: Medical Disorders of Alcoholism Pathogenesis and Treatment. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 1982.
Melium KL, Morrelli HF: Clinical Pharmacology, 2 ed., New York, Macmillan, 1978.
Miller NS, Goodwin DW, Jones FC, Anand MM, Pardo MP, Gabrielli WF, Pottash AC, Gold MS: Antihistamine blockade of alcohol-induced flushing in Orientals. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, vol. 49(1), January, 1988:16–20.
Goodwin DW: Alcoholism and heredity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1979; 36:57–61.
Goodwin DW: Alcoholism and genetics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1985; 42:171–174.
Tabakoff B, Ritzmann RF, Raju TS, Deitrich RA: Characterization of acute and chronic tolerance in mice selected for inherent differences in sensitivity to ethanol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1980; 4:70–73.
Goldstein DB: The effects of drugs on membrane fluidity. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1984; 24:43–64.
Chin JH, Goldstein DB: Drug tolerance in biomembranes: A spin label study of the effects of ethanol. Science, 1977b; 196:684–685.
Chan AW: Racial differences in alcohol sensitivity. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 1986; 21:193–204.
Chin JH, Parsons LM, Goldstein DB: Increased cholesterol content of erythrocyte and brain membranes in ethanol tolerant mice. Biochima et Piophysica Acta, 1978; J13:358–363.
Chin JH, Goldstein DB: Membrane disordering action of ethanol: Variation with membrane cholesterol content and depth of the spin label probe. Mol Pharmacol, 1981; 19:425–531.
Miller NS: A blood marker for pharmacodynamic tolerance to alcohol. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 1987; 4:93–102.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miller, N.S., Gold, M.S. (1991). Tolerance and Dependence. In: Alcohol. Drugs of Abuse a Comprehensive Series for Clinicians, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3550-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3550-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-3552-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3550-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive