Abstract
Even with the benefit of his remarkable X-ray vision, Superman would be reduced to a powder puff of a hero if he were deprived of his freakish strength. He could no longer hope to halt the orbit of the earth one-handed, bounce artillery shells off his chest, or leap skyscrapers in a single bound. Instead, there he would be, emasculated down to the entirely unimpressive level of ordinary frail humans.
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Notes
Business Week noted the trend… Stephen Baker, “A Surgeon Whose Hands Never Shake,” Business Week (4 October 1993), 76–77.
One such authority is John Wickham… Interview with John Wickham, London (16 January 1996).
In early 1994, the British Medical Journal… J. E. A. Wickham, “Minimally Invasive Surgery: Future Developments,” British Medical Journal (15 January 1994), 193–196; quote on p. 193.
On May 6, 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration… EDAP Technomed, Paris, press release (6 May 1996 ).
Guy Vallancien head of urology… Telephone interview with Guy Vallancien, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France (17 January 1996 ).
Ever since a previously… Arthur C. Clarke, Profiles of the Future ( London: Victor Gollancz, 1962 ).
In 1966, Fantastic Voyage… Fantastic Voyage (director: Richard Fleischer; studio: 20th Century Fox, released 1966).
Late 20th-century science is... Interview with Colin Humphreys, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK (7 March 1996 ).
Two British scientists... S. M. Andrews and A. W. Anson, “Shape Memory Alloys in Minimally Invasive Therapy,” Minimally Invasive Therapy (December 1995), 315–318.
Ian Hunter, a top biological engineer… Ian Hunter, D. Tilemachos, Serge R. Doukogiou, Paul G. Lafontaine, Lynette A. Charette, Mark A. Jones, Gordon D. Sagar, Peter Mallinson, and J. Hunter, “A Teleoperated Microsurgical Robot and Associated Virtual Environment for Eye Surgery,” Presence 2 (Fall 1993), no. 4, 265–280; and “The Virtual Heart of the Medico-Industrial Complex,” The Economist (22 October 1994 ), 135–136.
American and German mechanical engineers… Interview with John Wickham.
And Canadian optical experts… “Invisible Mending,” The Economist (10 April 1993), 99.
Meanwhile, as endoscopic procedures… Interview with Richard Kitney, Imperial College, London (5 February 1996 ).
On October 8, 1995… Roger Dobson, “Keyhole Camera Swivels on the Surgeon’s Nod,” Sunday Times (8 October 1995), 10.
Although endoscopy is regularly employed… Joan O’C. Hamilton, “Bypassing the Trauma: A Novel Technique to Take the ‘Open’ Out of Heart Surgery,” Business Week (4 September 1995 ), 35.
On January 6, 1994… Interview with Integrated Surgical Systems, Sacramento, CA, (6 January 1994 ).
Making his moves… Interview with John Wickham.
In 1995, the robot… “Your Life in Its Hands,” Tomorrow’s World (London: British Broadcasting Corporation, transmitted 10 November 1995).
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© 1997 Alexandra Wyke
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Wyke, A. (1997). Enter Robodoc. In: 21st-Century Miracle Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3466-6_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3466-6_6
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