Paediatric aspects of parenteral nutrition

Abstract

Failure of the normal enteral feeding mechanisms in the human infant and child creates a situation in which normal physical, intellectual and emotional growth and development are compromised. Physical growth of the child is dependent upon an adequate supply of nutrient materials to allow cell division to proceed at a rate determined by genetic potential. Given that major organ function is compromised, parenteral nutrition can supply the required elements for growth. When organs such as the kidneys, liver, heart or lungs are damaged, or inadequately developed, then there are enormous difficulties in maintaining adequate growth. Full development of the central nervous system and intellectual maturation depend on an adequate nutrient intake given within a caring environment. Emotional growth and development are even more dependent upon the environment in which the child develops. Prolonged parenteral nutrition within hospital deprives the child of the full emotional support, which only a home environment with caring parents and other relatives can provide. Developments in technology have allowed some children to return home where they are cared for by their parents, initially with the help of nursing and medical professionals and sometimes independent of hospital care for months at a time.