Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute Bacterial Infections

  • Chapter
Book cover AIDS and Respiratory Medicine

  • 49 Accesses

Abstract

As the AIDS epidemic developed in North America, it became clear to respiratory physicians that as well as seeing highly unusual opportunistic lung infections there was an important interaction between bacterial pneumonia and underlying HIV immunosuppression. The association was first described in male homosexuals with AIDS and whilst most patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy several then went on to develop recurrent pneumonia (Simberkoff et al., 1984; Polsky et al.,1986; White et al., 1985).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amorosa, J.K., Nahass, R.G., Nosher, J.L. et al. (1990) Radiologic distinction of pyogenic pulmonary infection from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Radiology, 175, 721–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austrian, R., Douglas, R.M., Schiffman, G. et al. (1976) Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Transactions of the American Association of Physicians, 89, 184–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, J., Paul, J. Gilks, C.F. et al. (1992) Penicillin-resistant pneumococci: a common cause of infection in HIV-positive patients in Nairobi. VIII International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Abstract PoB 3752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belec, L., Ekala, M.-T. and Gilquin, J. (1993) Coxiella burnetti infection among HIV-1 infected people living in Paris, France. AIDS, 7, 1136–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blasi, F., Boschini, A., Cosentini, R. et al. (1994) Outbreak of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in former injection-drug users. Chest, 105, 812–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, S.P., Dolan, M.J., Hendrix, C.W. et al. (1994) Legionnaires’ disease in HIV infected patients: eight cases and a review. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 227–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg, H.M. and Rimland, D. (1989) Nosocomial infection with penicillin-resistant pneumococci in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 160, 725–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • British Thoracic Society (1987) Community-acquired pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982–1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 62, 195–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buehler, J.W., Owen, J., Berkelman, R.L. et al. (1990) Impact of HIV epidemic on mortality trends in young men, United States. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1080–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caiaffa, W.T., Graham, N.M.H. and Vlahov, D. (1993) Bacterial pneumonia in adult populations with HIV infection. American Journal of Epidemiology, 138, 909–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casadevall, A., Dobroszycki, J., Small, C. et al. (1992) Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteraemia in adults with AIDS and at risk of AIDS. American Journal of Medicine, 92, 587–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (1992) 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 41, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaisson, R.E. (1989) Bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Seminars in Respiratory Infections, 4, 133–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, S.Y., Buehler, J.W. and Berkelman, R.L. (1990) Impact of the HIV epidemic on mortality in women of reproductive age, United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264 225–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, D.L. (1991) Bacterial pneumonia in the HIV-infected patient. Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America, 5, 485–507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coker, R.J. and Mitchell, D.M. (1994) The role of bronchoscopy in patients with HIV disease. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 5, 172–76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daley, C.L. (1994) Pulmonary infections in the Tropics: impact of HIV infection. Thorax, 49, 370–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drancourt, M., Bonnet, E., Gallais, H. et al. (1992) Rhodococcus equi infection in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infection, 24, 123–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falco, V., de Sevilla, T.F., Alegre, J. et al. (1994) Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study of 68 episodes. European Respiratory Journal, 7, 235–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farizo, K.M., Buehler, J.W., Chamberland, M.E. et al. (1992) Spectrum of disease in persons with HIV infection in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 1798–805.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fels, A.O.S. (1988) Bacterial and fungal pneumonias. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 9, 449–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, C.F. (1993a) The clinical challenge of the HIV epidemic in the developing world. Lancet, 342, 1037–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, C.F. (1993b) Prophylaxis for HIV-associated infections in the developing world. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 31, suppl.B, 11928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, C.F., Otieno, L.S., Brindle, R.J. et al. (1992) The presentation and outcome of HIV-related disease in Nairobi. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 82, 25–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, C.F., Mwachari, C., Simani, P. et al. (1993) A case-control study of HIV and pneumococcal pneumonia in Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi. IX International Conference on AIDS. Berlin, Germany, Abstract WS-B08–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, C.F., Ojoo, S.A., Ojoo, J.C. et al. (1996) Invasive pneumococcal disease in a cohort of predominantly HIV-1 infected female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Lancet, 347, 718–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, A.E., Thomas, P.A., Landesman, S.H. et al. (1992) The spectrum of HIV-1 related disease among outpatients in New York city. AIDS, 6, 849–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschtick, R.E., Glassroth J., Jordan, M.C. et al. (1995) Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 333, 845–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, M.A., Gellerman, H. and Chambers, H. (1988) Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and recurrent staphylococcal infection in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. American Journal of Medicine, 85, 172–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janoff, E.N., Breiman, R.F., Daley, C.D. et al. (1992) Pneumococcal disease during HIV infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117, 314–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janoff, E.N., O’Brien, J., Thompson, P. et al. (1993) Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization, bacteraemia and immune response among persons with HIV infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167, 49–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, R.S., St Louis, M.E., Satten, G.A. et al. (1992) HIV infection among patients in U.S. acute care hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 445–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jordens, Z.J., Paul, J., Bates, J., Beaumont, C., Kimari, J. and Gilks C. (1995) Characterisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients with acute and recurrent pneumonia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172, 983–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, J., Strange, C. and Sahn, S.A. (1993) Pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with AIDS. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118, 856–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamanfu, G., Mlika-Cabanne, N., Girard, P.M. et al. (1993) Pulmonary complications of HIV infected in Bujumbura, Burundi. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147, 658–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, D.W., Breiman, R.F. (1995) Preventing bacterial respiratory tract infections among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 (suppl.) 577–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, M.R. and Uttamchandani, R.B. (1990) The radiographic appearance of pulmonary nocardiosis associated with AIDS. AIDS, 98, 382–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, S.J., White, D.A. and Fels, A.O.S. (1990) The incidence and significance of Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory cultures from patients infected with HIV. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141, 89–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, S.B., Hounnou, A., Peacock, C. et al. (1993) The mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a West African city. AIDS, 7, 1569–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnenat, J.L., Nicod, L.P., Auckenthaler, R. et al. (1991) Mode of presentation and diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 144, 917–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T.J. (1994) Community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 501–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, H.B., Rose, D.N., Cohen, S. et al. (1993) The effect of P. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis

    Google Scholar 

  • regimens on the incidence of bacterial infections in HIV-infected patients. AIDS,7, 1687–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, R., Travis, W.D., Dolan, S.A. et al. (1991) The cause of death in patients with HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study with emphasis on the role of pulmonary diseases. Medicine, 70, 326–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLoud, T.C. and Naidich, T.C. (1992) Thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 30, 525–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meduri, G.U. and Stein, D.S. (1992) Pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 14, 98–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mientjes, G.H., van Ameijden, E.J., van den Hoek, A.J.A.R. et al. (1992) Increased morbidity without rise in non-AIDS mortality among HIV-infected intravenous drug users in Amsterdam. AIDS, 6, 207–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.F., Foley, N.M., Kessel, D. et al. (1994) Community acquired lobar pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. Thorax, 49, 367–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monforte, A.A., Vago, L., Lazzarin, A. et al. (1992) AIDS-defining diseases in 250 HIV-infected patients: comparative study of clinical and autopsy diagnoses. AIDS, 6, 1159–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, S., Martinez, R., Borros, C. et al. (1991) Latent Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in patients infected with HIV. AIDS, 5, 967–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J.F. and Mills, J. (1990) Pulmonary infectious complications of HIV infection. Parts 1 and 2. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141, 1356–72 and 1582–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, L., Balogh, K. and Silverman, M. (1989) Bacterial infections in AIDS. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 92, 787–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nybo Jensen, B., Gerstoft, J., Hojylyng, N. et al. (1990) Pulmonary pathogens in HIV-infected patients. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22, 413–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallangyo, K., Hakanson, A., Lema, L. et al. (1992) High HIV seroprevalence and increased HIV-associated mortality among hospitalized patients with deep bacterial infections in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS, 6, 971–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pesola, G.R. and Charles, A. (1992) Pneumococcal bacteraemia with pneumonia. Mortality in AIDS. Chest, 101, 150–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinching, A.J. (1991) Antibody responses in HIV infection. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 84, 181–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polsky, B., Gold, J.W.M., Whimbey, E. et al. (1986) Bacterial pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Annals of Internal Medicine, 104, 38–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raoult, D., Levy, P.-Y., Dupont, H.T. et al. (1993) Q fever and HIV infection. AIDS, 1993, 7, 81–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redd, S.C., Rutherford, G.W., Sande, M.A. et al. (1990) The role of HIV infection in pneumococcal bacteraemia in San Francisco residents. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162, 1012–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rich, J.D., Sax, P.E. and Kazanjian, P.H. (1993) Bacteraemic H. influenzae type b infections and HIV. American Journal of Medicine, 95, 118–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlamm, H.T. and Yankovitz, S.R. (1989) Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with AIDS, ARC or risk of AIDS. American Journal of Medicine, 86, 11–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuchat, A., Broome, C.V., Hightower, A. et al. (1991) Use of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed HIV-infected population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 265, 3275–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selwyn, P.A., Feingold, A.R., Hartel, D. et al. (1988) Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected intravenous drug users without AIDS. AIDS, 2, 267–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simberkoff, M.S., Sadr, W.E., Schiffman, G. et al. (1984) Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteraemia in patients with AIDS with a report of a pneumococcal vaccine failure. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 130, 1174–76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhart, R., Reingold, A.L., Taylor, F. et al. (1992) Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in men with HIV infection. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 3350–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoneburner, R.L., Des Jarlais, D.C., Benezra, D. et al. (1988) A larger spectrum of severe HIV-1related disease in intravenous drug users in New York City. Science, 242, 916–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taelman, H., Batungwanayo, J., Bogaerts, J. et al. (1992) Lobar pneumonia: an early indicator of HIV infection in Central Africa. VIII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Abstract PoB 3141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uttamchandani, R.B., Daikos, G.L., Reyes, R.R. et al. (1994) Nocardiosis in 30 patients with advanced HIV infection: clinical features and outcome. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 348–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, S., Tsou, E., Waldhorn, R.E. et al. (1985) Life-threatening bacterial pneumonia in male homosexuals with laboratory features of AIDS. Chest, 87, 486–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willocks, L., Cowan, F., Brettle, R.P. et al. (1992) The spectrum of chest infections in HIV positive patients in Edinburgh. Journal of Infection, 24, 37–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witt, D.J., Craven, D.E. and McCabe, W.R. (1987) Bacterial infections in adult patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. American Journal of Medicine, 82, 900–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead, M.A., Arrowsmith, J., Chamberlain-Webber, R. et al. (1991) The value of routine microbiological investigation in community-acquired pneumonia. Respiratory Medicine, 85, 313–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wortley, P.M., Farizo, K.M. (1994) and the adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease project group (1994) Pneumococcal and influenza vaccine levels among HIV-infected adolescents and adults receiving medical care in the USA. AIDS, 8, 941–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Charles F. Gilks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK

    Alimuddin Zumla BSc MB ChB MSc PhD FRCP (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases) (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases)

  2. Camden and Islington Community Health Services NHS Trust, London, UK

    Alimuddin Zumla BSc MB ChB MSc PhD FRCP (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases) (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases)

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia

    Alimuddin Zumla BSc MB ChB MSc PhD FRCP (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases) (Director, Visiting Professor, Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases)

  4. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK

    Margaret Johnson MD, FRCP (Consultant Physician) (Consultant Physician)

  5. Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Division of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University College London Medical School, London, UK

    Robert Miller MB FRCP (Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant Physician, Honorary Consultant Physician) (Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant Physician, Honorary Consultant Physician)

  6. Camden and Islington Community Health Services NHS Trust, London, UK

    Robert Miller MB FRCP (Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant Physician, Honorary Consultant Physician) (Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant Physician, Honorary Consultant Physician)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gilks, C.F. (1997). Acute Bacterial Infections. In: Zumla, A., Johnson, M., Miller, R. (eds) AIDS and Respiratory Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3446-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3446-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-60140-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3446-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation