Abstract
As the AIDS epidemic developed in North America, it became clear to respiratory physicians that as well as seeing highly unusual opportunistic lung infections there was an important interaction between bacterial pneumonia and underlying HIV immunosuppression. The association was first described in male homosexuals with AIDS and whilst most patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy several then went on to develop recurrent pneumonia (Simberkoff et al., 1984; Polsky et al.,1986; White et al., 1985).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amorosa, J.K., Nahass, R.G., Nosher, J.L. et al. (1990) Radiologic distinction of pyogenic pulmonary infection from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Radiology, 175, 721–27.
Austrian, R., Douglas, R.M., Schiffman, G. et al. (1976) Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Transactions of the American Association of Physicians, 89, 184–94.
Bates, J., Paul, J. Gilks, C.F. et al. (1992) Penicillin-resistant pneumococci: a common cause of infection in HIV-positive patients in Nairobi. VIII International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Abstract PoB 3752.
Belec, L., Ekala, M.-T. and Gilquin, J. (1993) Coxiella burnetti infection among HIV-1 infected people living in Paris, France. AIDS, 7, 1136–37.
Blasi, F., Boschini, A., Cosentini, R. et al. (1994) Outbreak of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in former injection-drug users. Chest, 105, 812–15.
Blatt, S.P., Dolan, M.J., Hendrix, C.W. et al. (1994) Legionnaires’ disease in HIV infected patients: eight cases and a review. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 227–32.
Blumberg, H.M. and Rimland, D. (1989) Nosocomial infection with penicillin-resistant pneumococci in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 160, 725–26.
British Thoracic Society (1987) Community-acquired pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982–1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 62, 195–220.
Buehler, J.W., Owen, J., Berkelman, R.L. et al. (1990) Impact of HIV epidemic on mortality trends in young men, United States. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1080–86.
Caiaffa, W.T., Graham, N.M.H. and Vlahov, D. (1993) Bacterial pneumonia in adult populations with HIV infection. American Journal of Epidemiology, 138, 909–22.
Casadevall, A., Dobroszycki, J., Small, C. et al. (1992) Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteraemia in adults with AIDS and at risk of AIDS. American Journal of Medicine, 92, 587–90.
Centers for Disease Control (1992) 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 41, 1–19.
Chaisson, R.E. (1989) Bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Seminars in Respiratory Infections, 4, 133–38.
Chu, S.Y., Buehler, J.W. and Berkelman, R.L. (1990) Impact of the HIV epidemic on mortality in women of reproductive age, United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264 225–29.
Cohn, D.L. (1991) Bacterial pneumonia in the HIV-infected patient. Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America, 5, 485–507.
Coker, R.J. and Mitchell, D.M. (1994) The role of bronchoscopy in patients with HIV disease. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 5, 172–76.
Daley, C.L. (1994) Pulmonary infections in the Tropics: impact of HIV infection. Thorax, 49, 370–78.
Drancourt, M., Bonnet, E., Gallais, H. et al. (1992) Rhodococcus equi infection in patients with AIDS. Journal of Infection, 24, 123–31.
Falco, V., de Sevilla, T.F., Alegre, J. et al. (1994) Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study of 68 episodes. European Respiratory Journal, 7, 235–39.
Farizo, K.M., Buehler, J.W., Chamberland, M.E. et al. (1992) Spectrum of disease in persons with HIV infection in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 1798–805.
Fels, A.O.S. (1988) Bacterial and fungal pneumonias. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 9, 449–57.
Gilks, C.F. (1993a) The clinical challenge of the HIV epidemic in the developing world. Lancet, 342, 1037–39.
Gilks, C.F. (1993b) Prophylaxis for HIV-associated infections in the developing world. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 31, suppl.B, 11928.
Gilks, C.F., Otieno, L.S., Brindle, R.J. et al. (1992) The presentation and outcome of HIV-related disease in Nairobi. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 82, 25–32.
Gilks, C.F., Mwachari, C., Simani, P. et al. (1993) A case-control study of HIV and pneumococcal pneumonia in Kenyatta Hospital, Nairobi. IX International Conference on AIDS. Berlin, Germany, Abstract WS-B08–2.
Gilks, C.F., Ojoo, S.A., Ojoo, J.C. et al. (1996) Invasive pneumococcal disease in a cohort of predominantly HIV-1 infected female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Lancet, 347, 718–23.
Greenberg, A.E., Thomas, P.A., Landesman, S.H. et al. (1992) The spectrum of HIV-1 related disease among outpatients in New York city. AIDS, 6, 849–59.
Hirschtick, R.E., Glassroth J., Jordan, M.C. et al. (1995) Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 333, 845–51.
Jacobson, M.A., Gellerman, H. and Chambers, H. (1988) Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and recurrent staphylococcal infection in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. American Journal of Medicine, 85, 172–6.
Janoff, E.N., Breiman, R.F., Daley, C.D. et al. (1992) Pneumococcal disease during HIV infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117, 314–24.
Janoff, E.N., O’Brien, J., Thompson, P. et al. (1993) Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization, bacteraemia and immune response among persons with HIV infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167, 49–56.
Janssen, R.S., St Louis, M.E., Satten, G.A. et al. (1992) HIV infection among patients in U.S. acute care hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 445–52.
Jordens, Z.J., Paul, J., Bates, J., Beaumont, C., Kimari, J. and Gilks C. (1995) Characterisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive patients with acute and recurrent pneumonia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172, 983–87.
Joseph, J., Strange, C. and Sahn, S.A. (1993) Pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with AIDS. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118, 856–9.
Kamanfu, G., Mlika-Cabanne, N., Girard, P.M. et al. (1993) Pulmonary complications of HIV infected in Bujumbura, Burundi. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147, 658–63.
Keller, D.W., Breiman, R.F. (1995) Preventing bacterial respiratory tract infections among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 (suppl.) 577–83.
Kramer, M.R. and Uttamchandani, R.B. (1990) The radiographic appearance of pulmonary nocardiosis associated with AIDS. AIDS, 98, 382–85.
Levine, S.J., White, D.A. and Fels, A.O.S. (1990) The incidence and significance of Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory cultures from patients infected with HIV. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141, 89–93.
Lucas, S.B., Hounnou, A., Peacock, C. et al. (1993) The mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a West African city. AIDS, 7, 1569–79.
Magnenat, J.L., Nicod, L.P., Auckenthaler, R. et al. (1991) Mode of presentation and diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 144, 917–22.
Marrie, T.J. (1994) Community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 501–15.
Mayer, H.B., Rose, D.N., Cohen, S. et al. (1993) The effect of P. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis
regimens on the incidence of bacterial infections in HIV-infected patients. AIDS,7, 1687–89.
McKenzie, R., Travis, W.D., Dolan, S.A. et al. (1991) The cause of death in patients with HIV infection: a clinical and pathological study with emphasis on the role of pulmonary diseases. Medicine, 70, 326–42.
McLoud, T.C. and Naidich, T.C. (1992) Thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 30, 525–54.
Meduri, G.U. and Stein, D.S. (1992) Pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 14, 98–113.
Mientjes, G.H., van Ameijden, E.J., van den Hoek, A.J.A.R. et al. (1992) Increased morbidity without rise in non-AIDS mortality among HIV-infected intravenous drug users in Amsterdam. AIDS, 6, 207–12.
Miller, R.F., Foley, N.M., Kessel, D. et al. (1994) Community acquired lobar pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. Thorax, 49, 367–68.
Monforte, A.A., Vago, L., Lazzarin, A. et al. (1992) AIDS-defining diseases in 250 HIV-infected patients: comparative study of clinical and autopsy diagnoses. AIDS, 6, 1159–64.
Moreno, S., Martinez, R., Borros, C. et al. (1991) Latent Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in patients infected with HIV. AIDS, 5, 967–70.
Murray, J.F. and Mills, J. (1990) Pulmonary infectious complications of HIV infection. Parts 1 and 2. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 141, 1356–72 and 1582–98.
Nichols, L., Balogh, K. and Silverman, M. (1989) Bacterial infections in AIDS. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 92, 787–90.
Nybo Jensen, B., Gerstoft, J., Hojylyng, N. et al. (1990) Pulmonary pathogens in HIV-infected patients. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22, 413–20.
Pallangyo, K., Hakanson, A., Lema, L. et al. (1992) High HIV seroprevalence and increased HIV-associated mortality among hospitalized patients with deep bacterial infections in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS, 6, 971–76.
Pesola, G.R. and Charles, A. (1992) Pneumococcal bacteraemia with pneumonia. Mortality in AIDS. Chest, 101, 150–55.
Pinching, A.J. (1991) Antibody responses in HIV infection. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 84, 181–84.
Polsky, B., Gold, J.W.M., Whimbey, E. et al. (1986) Bacterial pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Annals of Internal Medicine, 104, 38–41.
Raoult, D., Levy, P.-Y., Dupont, H.T. et al. (1993) Q fever and HIV infection. AIDS, 1993, 7, 81–6.
Redd, S.C., Rutherford, G.W., Sande, M.A. et al. (1990) The role of HIV infection in pneumococcal bacteraemia in San Francisco residents. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162, 1012–17.
Rich, J.D., Sax, P.E. and Kazanjian, P.H. (1993) Bacteraemic H. influenzae type b infections and HIV. American Journal of Medicine, 95, 118–19.
Schlamm, H.T. and Yankovitz, S.R. (1989) Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with AIDS, ARC or risk of AIDS. American Journal of Medicine, 86, 11–14.
Schuchat, A., Broome, C.V., Hightower, A. et al. (1991) Use of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed HIV-infected population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 265, 3275–79.
Selwyn, P.A., Feingold, A.R., Hartel, D. et al. (1988) Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected intravenous drug users without AIDS. AIDS, 2, 267–72.
Simberkoff, M.S., Sadr, W.E., Schiffman, G. et al. (1984) Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteraemia in patients with AIDS with a report of a pneumococcal vaccine failure. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 130, 1174–76.
Steinhart, R., Reingold, A.L., Taylor, F. et al. (1992) Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in men with HIV infection. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 3350–52.
Stoneburner, R.L., Des Jarlais, D.C., Benezra, D. et al. (1988) A larger spectrum of severe HIV-1related disease in intravenous drug users in New York City. Science, 242, 916–19.
Taelman, H., Batungwanayo, J., Bogaerts, J. et al. (1992) Lobar pneumonia: an early indicator of HIV infection in Central Africa. VIII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Abstract PoB 3141.
Uttamchandani, R.B., Daikos, G.L., Reyes, R.R. et al. (1994) Nocardiosis in 30 patients with advanced HIV infection: clinical features and outcome. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18, 348–53.
White, S., Tsou, E., Waldhorn, R.E. et al. (1985) Life-threatening bacterial pneumonia in male homosexuals with laboratory features of AIDS. Chest, 87, 486–88.
Willocks, L., Cowan, F., Brettle, R.P. et al. (1992) The spectrum of chest infections in HIV positive patients in Edinburgh. Journal of Infection, 24, 37–42.
Witt, D.J., Craven, D.E. and McCabe, W.R. (1987) Bacterial infections in adult patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. American Journal of Medicine, 82, 900–6.
Woodhead, M.A., Arrowsmith, J., Chamberlain-Webber, R. et al. (1991) The value of routine microbiological investigation in community-acquired pneumonia. Respiratory Medicine, 85, 313–17.
Wortley, P.M., Farizo, K.M. (1994) and the adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease project group (1994) Pneumococcal and influenza vaccine levels among HIV-infected adolescents and adults receiving medical care in the USA. AIDS, 8, 941–44.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gilks, C.F. (1997). Acute Bacterial Infections. In: Zumla, A., Johnson, M., Miller, R. (eds) AIDS and Respiratory Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3446-8_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3446-8_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-412-60140-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3446-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive