Abstract
A myth is a traditional narrative, usually involving supernatural or fancied persons, and embodying popular ideas on natural or social phenomena. Malinowski (1963) saw myths as being in the nature of charters; that is, stories of the first doing of an act that are still repeated in ritual or that validate some claim in social relationships. They explain why what is done today is the right thing to do. Sacredness and ritual are characteristics of myth and may be combined with elements of legends or fairy-tales. Legends recount supposed history whereas fairy-tales deal with miraculous happenings which no-one supposes to be true and which are pure entertainment. It may be that myths also serve to explain and impose order on the incomprehensible universe (Freidl and Pfeiffer, 1977).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Further Reading
Simoons (1961) details the origin and diffusion of flesh avoidance in the Old and New Worlds.
For an example of the heated debate over the roles of material determinism and religion in the maintenance of the sacred cow taboo, see Freed, S.A. and Freed, R.S. (1981) Sacred Cows and Water Buffalo in India: The Uses of Ethnography, Current Anthropology, 22(5): 483–90. The Freeds’ article is followed by reactions from 18 anthropologists, supporting or critiquing (sometimes both) their work.
The role of the cow in contemporary Hindu rituals and popular sentiment surrounding the animal are described by Batra, S.M. (1986) The Sacredness of the Cow in India, Social Compass, XXIII(2-3):163–75.
An account of the Peter Hartman story is given by Peter Tadman (1991), The Survivor, Gorman and Gorman, Hanna.
The story of Brent Dyer and Donna Johnson is told by Peter Gzowski (1980), The Sacrament, McClelland and Stewart Ltd., Toronto.
References
Arens, W. (1979) The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology and Anthrophagy, Oxford University Press, New York.
Bolton, J.M. (1972) Food Taboos Among The Orang Asli in West Malaysia: APotential Nutritional Hazard, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 25, 789–99.
Bringeus, N.A. (1975) Food and Folk Beliefs: On Boiling Blood Sausage, in Gastronomy: the Anthropology of Food and Food Habits, (ed. M. Arnott), MoutonPublishing, The Hague.
Brown, W.N. (1957) The Sanctity of the Cow in Hinduism. The Madras University Journal, 28, 29–49 (cited in Lodrick, 1981.)
Cohen, Y.A. (1968) Food Consumption Patterns, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 5, (ed. D.L. Sills), MacMillan Co. & The Free Press, NewYork, pp. 508–13.
de Garine, I.L. (1970) The Social and Cultural Background of Food Habits in Developing Countries (Traditional Societies), in Symposium on Food Cultism and Nutritional Quackery, (ed. G. Blix), Swedish Nutritional Foundation, Almqvist & Wiksells, Uppsala, pp. 34–46.
de Garine, I.L. (1976) Food, Tradition and Prestige, in Food, Man and Society, (edsD.N. Walcher, N. Kretchmer and H.L. Barnett), Plenum Press, New York,pp. 150–73.
Diener, P., Nonini, D. and Robkin, E.E. (1978) The Dialectics of the Sacred Cow:Ecological Adaptation vs. Political Appropriation in the Origins of India’sCattle Complex. Dialectical Anthropology, 3 (3), 221–41.
Farb, P. and Armelagos, G. (1980) Consuming Passions: The Anthropology of Eating,Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Ferro-Luzzi, G.E. (1974) Food Avoidances During the Puerperium and Lactationin Tamilnad. Ecol. Food & Nutr., 3, 7–15.
Freidl, J. and Pfeiffer, J.E. (1977) Anthropology: The Study of People, Harpers CollegePress, New York.
Gade, D.W. (1976) Horsemeat as Human Food in France. Ecol. Food & Nutr., 5,1–11.
Harris, M. (1965) The Myth of the Sacred Cow, in Man, Culture and Animals, (eds A.Leeds and A.P. Vayda), American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 78, Washington, DC, pp. 217–28.
Harris, M. (1974) Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches, Random House, New York.
Harris, M. (1978) India’s Sacred Cow. Human Nature, 1(2), 28–36.
Hogg, G. (1961) Cannibalism and Human Sacrifice, Pan Books, London.
Holt, V.M. (1885) Why Not Eat Insects? E.W. Classey Ltd., Middlesex (reprinted1969).
Hope, M. (1975) Food Taboos and Nutrition in the Caribbean. Cajanus, 8, 190–3.
Jelliffe, D.B. and Jelliffe, E.F.P. (1978) Food Habits and Taboos: How Have They Protected Man in His Evolution? Prog. Human Nutr.. 2, 67–76.
Kahn, M. (1986) Always hungry, never greedy: Food and the expression of hunger in a Melanesian society, Cambridge Universtity Press, Cambridge.
Leach, E.R. (1976) Culture and Communications: The Logic by which Symbols are connected, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Leach, M. (1972) Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Funk & Wagnalls, New York.
Lewis, I.M. (1986) Religion in Context: Cults and Charisma, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Lindenbaum, S. (1977) The Last Course: Nutrition and Anthropology in Asia, inNutrition and Anthropology in Action, (ed. T.K. Fitzgerald), van Gorcum, Amsterdam.
Lodrick, D.O. (1981) Sacred Cows, Sacred Places, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Malinowski, B. (1963) Sex, Culture and Myth, R. Hart-Davis, London.
Newman, L.F. (1969) Folklore of Pregnancy: Wives Tales in Contra Costa County,California. West. Folklore, 28, 112–35.
Odend’hal, S. (1972) Gross Energetic Efficiency of Indian Cattle in TheirEnvironment. J. Human Ecol., 1, 1–27.
Ogbeide, O. (1974) Nutritional Hazards of Food Taboos and Preferences in MidWest Nigeria. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 27, 213–16.
Pariser, E.R. and Hammerle, O.A. (1966) Some Cultural and Economic Limitationson the Use of Fish as Food. Food Tech., 20(5), 61–4.
People of ’Ksan (1980), Gathering What the Great Nature Provided, Douglas &Mclntyre, Vancouver.
Read, P.P. (1974) Alive, J.P. Lippincott Co., New York.
Shifflett, P.A. (1976) Folklore and Food Habits, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 68, 347–50.
Shifflett, P.A. and Nyberg, K.L. (1978) Toward a social psychology of food use.Mid-American Review of Sociology, 3(2), 35–54.
Simoons, F.J. (1961) Eat Not This Flesh, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
Simoons, F.J. (1979) Questions in the Sacred Cow Controversy. Current Anthropology, 20, 467–93.
Srinivasan, D. (1979) Concept of Cow in the Rigveda, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi.
Taylor, R.L. (1973) Butterflies in my Stomach: Insects in Human Nutrition, Woodbridge Press Publishing Co., Santa Barbara.
Trant, H. (1954) Food Taboos in East Africa. Lancet, 2, 703–5.
Wilson, C.S. (1973) Food Taboos of Childbirth: The Malay example. Ecol. Food & Nutr., 2, 267–74.
Wodehouse, P.G. (1957) Very Good, Jeeves! Penguin, Middlesex (reprinted1978).
Yalman, N. (1967) Under the Bo Tree: Studies in Caste, Kinship and Marriage in the Interior of Ceylon, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fieldhouse, P. (1995). Myths, taboos and superstitions. In: Food and Nutrition. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3256-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3256-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-56593-339-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-3256-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive