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Membrane Associated Events in Lymphocyte Activation

  • Chapter
Receptors and Recognition

Part of the book series: Series A ((RERE,volume 1))

Abstract

Lymphocytes respond to a great number of substances (antigens) which can be recognized by surface receptors. Without being exposed to exter¬nal stimuli, lymphocytes of the blood or the peripheral lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen) are small cells with only a basal metabolism, which do not proliferate or express apparent functions. When an antigen binds to the cells, a sequence of metabolic events is initiated resulting in growth and division, expansing the clone of cells, which reacts with the specific antigen. Concomitantly new functions are expressed. One subpopulation of lymphocytes starts to secrete specific antibodies (B, bursa-equivalent or bone marrow derived lymphocytes). A second subpopulation (T or thymus dependent lymphocytes) generates antigen sensitive cells which function as effectors in cell-mediated immune reactions or as regulators in antibody production [1–3]. In response to an antigen only a very restricted number of lymphocytes is activated. Thus it was a major advantage when it was first recognized by Nowell [4, 5] that in vitro phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a protein from Phaseolus vulgaris (the Red Kidney Bean), could also activate lymphocytes. In contrast to antigens, this mitogen induces mitosis in a high proportion of clones of resting lymphocytes.

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Abbreviations

PHA:

phytohaemagglutinin

con A:

concanavalin A

PWM:

pokeweed mitogen

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

PCL:

polyclonal ligand

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Immunologie, Universität Heidelberg, Germany

    Klaus Resch

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  1. Klaus Resch
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  1. Wellcome Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    P. Cuatrecasas

  2. ICRF Tumour Immunology Unit, University College, London, UK

    M. F. Greaves

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Resch, K. (1976). Membrane Associated Events in Lymphocyte Activation. In: Cuatrecasas, P., Greaves, M.F. (eds) Receptors and Recognition. Series A, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2993-8_3

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