Abstract
Ionic polymerizations are characterized by successive monomer additions to a growing macroion. Here, anionic polymerizations, with macroanions as active growth centers, are distinguished from cationic polymerizations which have macrocations as active growing centers:
“Can you do addition?” the White Queen asked, “What’s one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?
L. Carroll, Through the Looking Glass
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
18.1. Basic Principles
E. T. Kaiser and L. Kevan (eds.), Radical Ions, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1968.
L. P. Ellinger, Electron acceptors as initiators of charge-transfer polymerizations, Adv. Macromol. Chem. 1, 169 (1968).
S. Tazuka, Photosensitized charge transfer polymerization, Adv. Polym. Sci. 6, 321 (1969).
N. G. Gaylord, One-electron transfer initiated polymerization reactions, I. Initiator through monomer cation radicals, Macromol. Revs. 4, 183 (1970)
N. G. Gaylord, One-electron transfer initiated polymerization reactions, I.Initiator through monomer cation radicals, [J. Polym. Sci. D4 183 (1970)].
B. L. Erusalimskij, Ionic Polymerization of Polar Monomers (in Russian), Nauka, Moscow, 1970.
A. Ledwith, Cation radicals in electron transfer reactions, Acc. Chem. Res. 5, 133 (1972).
H. Zweifel and Th. Völker, Polymerization via Zwitterionen, Chimia (Aarau) 26, 345 (1972).
J. Smid, Structure of ion pair solvated complexes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (Engl.) 11, 112 (1972).
M. Szwarc (ed.), Ions and Ion Pairs in Organic Reactions, Wiley-Interscience, New York, Vol. 1, 1972; Vol. 2, 1974.
R. Foster, Molecular Complexes, Crane, Russak and Co., New York, Vol. I, 1973; Vol. 2, 1974.
G. Heublein, Zum Ablauf ionischer Polymerisationsreaktionen, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1975.
C. H. Bamford and C. F. H. Tipper (eds.), Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 15, Non-Radical Polymerization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976.
A. Ledwith, Molecular complexes in polymer synthesis—from Lewis acid adducts to exiplexes, Polymer 17, 975 (1976).
18.2. Anionic Polymerization
J. E. Mulvaney, C. G. Overberger, and A. M. Schiller, Anionic Polymerization, Fortschr. Hochpolvm. Forschg.-Adv. Polym. Sci. 3, 106 (1961).
M. Szwarc, Carbanions, Living Polymers and Electron Transfer Processes, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1968.
L. L. Bohm, M. Chmelif, G. Löhr, B. J. Schmitt, and G. V. Schulz, Zustand and Reaktionen des Carbanions bei der anionischen Polymerization des Styrols, Adv. Polym. Sci. 9, 1 (1972).
J. P. Kennedy and T. Otsu, Hydrogen transfer polymerization with anionic catalysts and the problems of anionic isomerization polymerization, J. Macromol. Sci. C (Rev. Macromol. Chem) 6, 237 (1972).
M. Imoto and T. Nakaya, Polymerization by carbenoids, carbenes and nitrenes, J. Macromol. Sci. C7, 1 (1972).
M. Morton and L. J. Fetters, Anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers, Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 359 (197).
D. H. Richards, Anionic polymerization, Dev. Polym. 1, 1 (1979).
A. F. Halasa, D. N. Schulz, D. D. Tate, and V. D. Mochel, Organolithium catalysis of olefin and diene polymerization, Adv. Organometallic Chem. 18, 55 (1980).
18.3. Cationic Polymerization
P. H. Plesch (ed.), The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization, Pergamon Press, London, 1963.
D. C. Pepper, Polymerization, in Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions, G. A. Olah (ed.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1964, Vol. II, Pt. 2, p. 1293.
G. A. Olah and P. R. von Schleyer (eds.), Carbonium Ions, Interscience, New York, 1968 (4 vols.)
P. H. Plesch, Cationic polymerization, in Progress in High Polymers, Vol. III, J. C. Robb and F. W. Peaker (eds.), Heywood, London, 1968, p. 137.
T. Higashimura, Rate constants of elementary reactions in cationic polymerizations, in Structure and Mechanism in Vinyl Polymerization, T. Tsuruta and K. F. O’Driscoll (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969, p. 313.
Z. Zlamal, Mechanisms of cationic polymerizations, in Kinetics and Mechanisms of Polymerization, G. E. Ham (ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 231.
P. H. Plesch, The propagation rate constants in cationic polymerizations, Adv. Polym. Sci. 8, 137 (1971).
M. Perst, Oxonium Ions in Organic Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, 1971.
J. P. Kennedy, Cationic polymerization, in Macromolecular Science (Vol. 8 of Physical Chemistry Series 1 ), C. E. H. Bawn (ed.), MTP International Review of Science, 1972, p. 49.
J. P. Kennedy, Self-initiation in cationic polymerization, J. Macromol. Sci. (Chem. ) A6, 329 (1972).
G. A. Olah (ed.), Friedel-Crafts Chemistry, Interscience, New York, 1973.
J. P. Kennedy, Cationic Polymerization of Olefins: A Critical Inventory, Wiley, New York, 1975.
A. Ledwith and D. C. Sherrington, Stable organic cationic salts: Ion pair equilibria and use in cationic polymerization, Adv. Polym. Sci. 19, 1 (1975).
J. P. Kennedy (ed.), Fourth international Symposium on cationic polymerization, Polym. Svmp. 56 (1976).
J. P. Kennedy and P. D. Trivedi, Cationic olefin polymerization using alkyl halide alkyl aluminium initiator systems, Adv. Polym. Sci. 28, 83, 113 (1978).
D. J. Dunn, The cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers, Dev. Polym. 1, 45 (1979).
A. Gandini, H. Cheradame, Cationic polymerization and initiation processes with alkenyl monomers, Adv. Polym. Sci. 34/35, 1 (1980).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elias, HG. (1984). Ionic Polymerizations. In: Macromolecules. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2809-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2809-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2811-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2809-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive