Skip to main content
Book cover

Macromolecules pp 1015–1051Cite as

Proteins

  • Chapter

Abstract

Proteins are naturally occurring copolymers of high complexity. They consist predominantly of α-amino acids, and, to a slight extent, of imino acids. The α-amino acids are mostly present in the L configuration, but some proteins also contain up to 15% D-α-amino acids. The a-amino acids commonly occurring in proteins are collected in Table 30–1. Besides these, about 200 “uncommon” α-amino acids are known, that is, those that are not components of proteins and do not take part in the usual metabolic processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

30.1 General Reviews

  • C. H. Bamford, A. Elliott, and W. E. Hanby, Synthetic Polypeptides, Academic Press, New York, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Schröder and K. Lübke, The Peptides, Academic Press, New York, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. E. Dickerson and I. Geiss, The Structure and Action of Proteins, Harper and Row, New York, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Fasold, Die Struktur der Proteine, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Neurath and R. L. Hill (ed.), The Proteins, third ed., Academic Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. E. Schulz and R. H. Schirmer, Principles of Protein Structure, Springer, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Wüthrich, NMR in Biological Research: Peptides and Proteins, North-Holland, Amsterdam,1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. P. Spragg, The Physical Behavior of Macromolecules with Biological Functions, Wiley, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Bisswanger and E. Schmincke-Ott, ed., Multifunctional Proteins, Wiley, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Frieden and L. W. Nichol, Protein-Protein interactions, Wiley, New York, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

30.2. Structure

  • M. Joly, A Physico-Chemical Approach to the Denaturation of Proteins, Academic Press, London, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Bodo, Zur chemischen Aufklärung von Eiweissstrukturen, Fortschr. Chem. Forschg. 6, I (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Sund and K. Weber, The quaternary structure of proteins, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engt 5, 121 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Devenyi and J. Gergely, Analytische Methoden zur Untersuchung von Aminosâuren, Peptiden und Proteinen, Akad. Verlagsges., Frankfurt/ Main, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Tanford, Protein denaturation, Adv. Protein Chem. 23, 122, 218 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Blackburn, Protein Sequence Determination, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • T. L. Blundell and L. N. Johnson, Protein Crystallography, Academic Press, New York, 1976. S. B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needleman (ed.), Protein Sequence Determination, second ed., Springer, New York, 1975. S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn (ed.), Amino Acid Analysis, second ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Lapanje, Physiochemical Aspects of Protein Denaturation, Wiley, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. E. Schultz and R. H. Schirmer, Principles of Protein Structure, Springer, New York, 1979.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • L. R. Croft, Handbook of Protein Sequence Analysis,Wiley, New York, 2nd ed., 1980. A.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPherson, Preparation and Analysis of Protein Crystals, Wiley, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

30.3. Syntheses

  • J. Meierhofer, Synthesen biologisch wirksamer Peptide, Chimia 16, 385 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Wünsch, Synthesis of natural peptide products, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 10, 786 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. R. Pettit (ed.), Synthetic Peptides, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, London, 1971 ( Vol. lff. )

    Google Scholar 

  • E. H. McConkey (ed.), Protein Synthesis, A Series of Advances, Vol. 1, Dekker, New York, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Gounelle de Pontanel (ed.), Protein from Hydrocarbons, Academic Press, New York, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Haselkorn and L. B. Rothman-Denes, Protein synthesis, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 42, 397 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D. D. MacLaren, Single-cell protein-An overview, Chem. Technol. 5, 594 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Bodanszky, Y. S. Klausner, and M. A. Ondetti, Peptide Synthesis, Wiley, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Weissbach and S. Pestka (eds.), Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Biosynthesis, Academic Press, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Uy and F. Wold, Posttranslation covalent modification of proteins, Science 198, 890 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Huller, Protein biosynthesis: The codon-specific activation of amino acids, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 17, 648 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. E. Offord, Semisynthetic Proteins, Wiley, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

30.4. Enzymes

  • Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (IUPAC and IUB), Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. V. Vol’kenshtein, Enzyme Physics, Plenum Press, New York, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Zeffren and P. L. Hall, The Study of Enzyme Mechanisms, J. Wiley, New York, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • O. R. Zaborsky, Immobilized Enzymes, CRC Press, Cleveland, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. H. Weetall and S. Suzuki (eds.), Immobilized Enzyme Technology, Plenum Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. H. Weetall, Immobilized Enzymes, Antigens, Antibodies, and Peptides: Preparation and Characterization, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Messing, Immobilized Enzymes for Industrial Reactors, Academic Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Konecny, Enzymes as industrial catalysts, Chimia 29, 95 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. J. Skinner, Enzymes Technology, Chem. Eng. News 53(33), 22 (August 18, 1975 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Segel, Enzyme Kinetics, Wiley, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Tze-Fei Wong, Kinetics of Enzyme Mechanisms, Academic Press, London, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. G. Scrimgeour, Chemistry and Control of Enzyme Reactions, Academic Press, London, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Mosbach (ed.), Immobilized enzymes, Methods Enzvmol. 44(1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. B. Wingard, Jr., E. Katchalski-Katzir, and L. Goldstein, Immobilized Enzyme Principles (Appt. Biochem. Bioeng., Vol. 1), Academic Press, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Chibata (ed.), Immobilized Enzymes, Halsted Press, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. C. Johnson, Immobilized Enzymes: Preparation and Engineering, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • D. I. C. Wang, C. L. Cooney, A. L. Demain, P. Dunnill, A. E. Humphrey, and M. D. Lilly, Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, Wiley, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Walsh, Enzyme Reaction Mechanisms, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Bisswanger and E. Schmincke-Ott (ed.), Multifunctional Proteins, Wiley, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Dixon, E. C. Webb, C. J. R. Thorne, and V. F. Tipton, Enzymes, Academic Press, New York, 3rd ed., 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Shinkai, Coenzyme catalyses in micelles, polymers and host molecules, Progr. Polvm. Sci. 8, 1 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Godfrey and J. Reichelt, eds., Industrial Enzymology, The Nature Press, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

30.5. Fiber-Forming Proteins

  • J. H. Collins, Casein, Plastics and Allied Materials, Plastics Inst., London, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. L. Wormell, New Fibers from Proteins, Academic Press, London, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. H. Gustayson, The Chemistry and Reactivity of Collagen, Academic Press, New York, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • W. von Bergen, Wool Handbook, American Wool Handbook Co., New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Earland, Wool, Its Chemistry and Physics, second ed., Chapman and Hall, London, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Veis, Macromolecular Chemistry of Gelatin, Academic Press, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Reich, Kollagen, Steinkopff, Dresden, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • I. V. Yannin, Collagen and gelatin in the solid state, J. Macromol. Sci. C. (Rev. Macromol. Chem.) 7, 49 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. D. B. Frazer, T. P. MacRae, and G. E. Rogers, Keratins: Their Composition, Structure and Biosynthesis, Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. D. B. Frazer and T. P. MacRae, Conformations in Fibrous Proteins, Academic Press, New York, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Bräumer, Das Faserprotein Kollagen, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 40 (41), 485 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. C. W. Chien, Solid state characterization of the structure and property of collagen, J. Macromol. Sci. C (Rev. Macromol. Chem.) 12, 1 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. L. Nayak, Grafting of Vinyl Monomers onto Wool Fibers, Plenum Press, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. G. Ward and A. Courts (eds.), Science and Technology of Gelatin, Academic Press, London, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • L. B. Sandberg, W. R. Gray, and C. Franzblau (eds.), Elastin and Elastic Tissue, Plenum Press, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. A. MacGregor and C. T. Greenwood, Polymers in Nature, Wiley, Chichester, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. F. V. Vincent, Structural Biomaterials, MacMillan, London, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Woodhead-Galloway, Collagen, The Anatomy of a Protein, Arnold, London, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

30.6. Blood Proteins

  • K. Laki (ed.), Fibrinogen, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Sela (ed.), The Antigens,four vols„ Academic Press, New York, 1973–1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Nisonoff, J. E. Hopper, and S. B. Spring, The Antibody Molecule, Academic Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • F. W. Putman (ed.), The Plasma Proteins, Academic Press, New York, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

30.7. Glycoproteins

  • K. Schmid, Methods for the isolation, purification and analysis of glycoproteins—a brief review, Chimia 18, 321 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Gottschalk, Glycoproteins, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Horowitz and W. Pigman, The Glycoconjugates,two vols., Academic Press, New York, 1977–1978.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Elias, HG. (1984). Proteins. In: Macromolecules. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2809-2_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2809-2_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2811-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2809-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics