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Factors Influencing Metastasis of Breast Cancer

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Abstract

Metastasis is the most critical attribute of all human cancers, particularly for those of nonvital, surface organs such as the breast. In general, patients undergoing removal of small breast tumors, prior to the development of axillary lymph node metastases, have a better cure or long-term survival rate than those with large tumors or axillary involvement. The ten-year survival rate of women with small breast cancers treated with standard extirpative surgery has been reported to be more than 80%, dropping to about 50% when one to three axillary lymph nodes are involved, and to 25% when more than three nodes are positive.(1, 2) Consequently, greater efforts are being directed toward the early detection of breast cancer by various means. However, even some small tumors may have already spread to the regional lymph nodes by the time they are clinically detected, and, in other instances, the cancer may recur and disseminate widely after an extended period of dormancy. The annual mortality rate of breast cancer patients, reported as 39%, has not changed over the past 40 years.(3) This lack of improvement in the survival rate can be attributed mainly to our deficient understanding of the biology of metastasis, and, more directly, to the insufficient knowledge of its mechanisms. Therefore, a critical analysis of factors influencing metastasis of breast cancer may be a useful and timely task.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA

    Untae Kim

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  1. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    William L. McGuire M. D.

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Kim, U. (1979). Factors Influencing Metastasis of Breast Cancer. In: McGuire, W.L. (eds) Current Topics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2663-0_1

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