Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Social Support and Coronary Heart Disease Underlying Psychological and Biological Mechanisms

  • Chapter
Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Social support has been prospectively associated with mortality and implicated in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD; see reviews by Berkman, 1985; Broadhead et al., 1983; Cohen, 1988; House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Wallston, Alagna, DeVellis, & DeVellis, 1983). Although there has been a tremendous effort to establish a relation between support and CHD, relatively little work has focused on how social support influences CHD pathogenesis. We feel that differentiation between conceptions of social support and specification of pathways through which each type of support influences CHD are requisite for understanding the role of support in the prevention of disease. In service of this goal, we review studies of the role of social support in the etiology of CHD, suggest some distinctions in social support based on existing research, argue for functionally distinct stages of CHD pathogenesis, and propose a series of psychological and biological models linking different conceptualizations of social support to CHD. Our discussion is limited to the etiology of disease (onset and progression, but not recovery) and focuses on disease end points (morbidity and mortality) rather than illness behaviors such as symptom reporting and use of medical services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, M. R., Kaplan, J. R., Clarkson, T. B., & Koritnik, D. R. (1985). Ovariectomy, social status, and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Arteriosclerosis, 53, 192–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. C., Thacker, C. O., Gorelkin, L., Vernon, A. A., Taylor, W. R., & Choi, K. (1983). Sudden death among Southeast Asian refugees: An unexplained nocturnal phenomenon. Journal of the American Medical Association, 250, 2947.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F. (1985). The relationship of social networks and social support to morbidity and mortality. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F. (1986). Social networks, support, and health: Taking the next step forward. American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, 559–562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F., & Syme, S. L. (1979). Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billman, G. E., & Randall, D. C. (1981). Mechanisms mediating the coronary vascular response to behavioral stress in the dog. Circulation Research, 48, 214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G. (1982). Social support and mortality in an elderly community population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 115, 684–694.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal, J. A., Burg, M. M., Barefoot, J., Williams, R. B., Haney, T., & Zimet, G. (1987). Social support, Type A behavior, and coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 331–339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovard, E. (1959). The effects of social stimuli on the response to stress. Psychology Reviews, 66, 267–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brackett, C. D., & Powell, L. H. (1988). Psychosocial and physiological predictors of sudden cardiac death after healing of acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology, 61, 979–983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broadhead, W. E., Kaplan, B. H., James, S. A., Wagner, E. H., Schoenbach, V. J., Grimson, R., Heyden, S., Tibblin, G., & Gehlbach, S. H. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, 521–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, J. C. (1976). The contribution of the social environment to host resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104, 107–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7(3), 269–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Matthews, K. A. (1987). Editorial: Social support, Type A behavior and coronary artery disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 325–330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. In A. Baum, S. E. Taylor, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and health. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Sherrod, D. R., & Clark, M. S. (1986). Social skills and the stress protective role of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 963–973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, C. L., Faragher, E. B., Bray, C. L., & Ramsdale, D. R. (1985). The significance of psychosocial factors in predicting coronary disease in patients with valvular heart disease. Social Science and Medicine, 20, 315–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corse, C. D., Manuck, S. B., Cantwell, J. D., Giordani, B., & Matthews, K. A. (1982). Coronary-prone behavior pattern and cardiovascular response in persons with and without coronary heart disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44, 449–459.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, P F. (1986). Vascular cell interactions with special reference to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Laboratory Investigation, 55, 5–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., & Lushene, R. (1979). Interpersonal interaction and cardiovascular response in type A subjects and coronary patients. Journal of Human Stress, 5, 28–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., Williams, R. B., Haney, T., & Blumenthal, J. A. (1985). Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: Relationship to angiographic findings. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 219–233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, K. A., Heller, S. S., Kornfeld, D. S., Sporn, A. A., & Weiss, M. B. (1978). Type A behavior pattern and coronary angiographic findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 240, 761–763.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M., Manwaring, J. H., Rosenman, R. H., Donlon, G., Ortega, P, & Grube, S. M. (1973). Instantaneous and sudden deaths, clinical and pathological differentiation in coronary artery disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 225, 1319–1328.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott, R. F. (1983). Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle. Circulation Research, 58, 373–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, D. C. (1977). Behavior patterns, stress, and coronary disease. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D, Guyton, J. R., & Karnovsky, M. J. (1981). Intimai alterations in rat aorta induced by stressful stimuli. Laboratory Investigation, 45, 14–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, M. (1981). “Core” and “extended” social networks in relation to health and illness. Social Science and Medicine, 17, 405–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, S., & Feinleib, M. (1980). Women, work and coronary heart disease: Prospective findings from the Framingham Heart Study. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 133–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herd, J. A. (1983). Physiological basis for behavioral influences in atherosclerosis. In T. M. Dembroski, T. H. Schmidt, & G. Blumchen (Eds.), Biobehavioral bases of coronary heart disease (pp. 248–256). Basel, Switzerland: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, E. Z., Maksem, J. A., & Gagen, D. (1984). Effects of stress and propanolol on the aortic intima of rats [Abstract]. Arteriosclerosis, 4, 526.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, J. S., & Kahn, R. L. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540–545.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • House, J. S., Robbins, C., & Metzner, H. L. (1982). The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh Community Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 116, 123–140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, B. K. (1986). Psychological variables and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity. In K. A. Matthews, S. M. Weiss, T. Detre, T. M. Dembroski, B. Falkner, S. B. Manuck, R. B. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of stress, reactivity, and cardiovascular disease (pp. 207–230). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. V, & Hall, E. M. (1988). Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American Journal of Public Health, 76, 1336–1342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, J. (1980). Social affiliation, risk factor status, and coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study of Japanese-American men. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, G. A. (1985). Psychosocial aspects of chronic illness: Direct and indirect associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. In R. M. Kaplan & M. H. Criqui (Eds.), Behavioral epidemiology and disease prevention (pp. 237–269). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, G. A., Cohn, B. A., Cohen, R. D, & Guralnik, J. (1988). The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 127, 1131–1142.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, G. A., & Hahn, M. N. (1989). Is there a role for prevention among the elderly? Epidemiologie evidence from the Alameda County study. In M. G. Ory & K. Bond (Eds.), Aging and health care: Social science and policy perspectives (pp. 27–55). London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, I. T., Cohen, R. D., et al. (1988). Social connections and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease: Prospective evidence from eastern Finland. American Journal of Epidemiology, 128, 370–380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J. R., Adams, M. R., Clarkson, T. B., & Koritnik, D. R. (1984). Psychosocial influences on female “protection” among cynomolgus macques. Atherosclerosis, 53, 283–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J. R., Manuck, S. B., Adams, M. R., Weingand, K. W, & Clarkson, T. B. (1987). Propanolol inhibits coronary atherosclerosis in behaviorally predisposed monkeys fed an atherogenic diet. Circulation, 76, 1364–1373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J. R., Manuck, S. B., Clarkson, T. B., Lusso, F. M., & Taub, D. B. (1982). Social status, environment, and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Arteriosclerosis, 2, 359–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keys, A., Aravnis, C., Blackburn, H., Van Bucham, F. S., Bezina, R., Djordjevic, B. S., Fidanza, F., Karkonen, M., Menotti, A., Puddu, V, & Taylor, H. L. (1972). Probability of middle-aged men developing coronary heart disease in five years. Circulation, 45, 815–828.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keys, A., Taylro, H. L., Blackburn, J., Brozek, J., Anderson, J. T., & Somonson, E. (1971). Mortality and coronary heart disease among men studied for 23 years. Archives of Internal Medicine, 128, 201–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1985). Social support and mental health in community samples. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz, D. S., Schaeffer, M. A., Davis, J. E., Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., & Shaffer, R. T. (1981). Extent of coronary atherosclerosis, Type A behavior, and cardiovascular response to social interaction. Psychophysiology, 18, 654–664.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuller, L. H., Talbott, E. O., & Robinson, C. (1987). Environmental and psychosocial determinants of sudden death. Circulation, 76(Suppl. I), 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lown, B. (1987). Sudden cardiac death: Biobehavioral perspective. Circulation, 76(Suppl. I), 186–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lown, B., DeSilva, R. A., & Lenson, R. (1978). Roles of psychologic stress and autonomic nervous system changes in provocation of ventricular premature complexes. The American Journal of Cardiology, 41, 979–985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacDougall, J. M., Dembroski, T. M., Dimsdale, J. E., & Hackett, T. P. (1985). Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: Further relationships to angiographic findings. Health Psychology, 4, 137–152.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1983). Social instability and coronary artery atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 7, 485–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1985). Stress-induced heart rate reactivity and atherosclerosis in female macaques [Abstract]. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Matthews, K. A. (1986). Behavioral antecedents of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, 6, 2–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manuck, S. B., Muldoon, M. F., Kaplan, J. R., Adams, M. R., & Polefrone, J. M. (1989). Coronary artery atherosclerosis and cardiac response to stress in cynomolgus monkeys. In A. W. Siegman & T. M. Dembroski (Eds.), In search of coronary prone behavior (pp. 207–227). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGill, J. C. (1968). The geographic pathology of atherosclerosis. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGill, J. C. (1972). Atherosclerosis: Problems in pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis Reviews, 2, 27–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinlay, J. B. (1973). Social networks, lay consultation and help-seeking behavior. Social Forces, 51, 275–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medalie, J. H., & Goldbourt, U. (1976). Angina pectoris among 10,000 men: II. Psychosocial and other risk factors as evidenced by a multivariate analysis of a five year incidence study. American Journal of Medicine, 60, 910–921.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neri-Serneri, G. G., Masotti, G., Gensini, G. F., Abbate, R., Poggessi, L., Galanti, G., & Favilla, S. (1981). Prostacyclin thromboxane and ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis Reviews, 8, 139–157.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orth-Gomér, K., & Johnson, J. V. (1987). Social network interaction and mortality: A six year follow-up study of a random sample of the Swedish population. Journal of Chronic Disease, 40, 949–957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orth-Gomér, K., Rosengren, A., & Wilhelmsen, L. (1993). Lack of social support and incidence of coronary heart disease in middle-aged Swedish men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 37–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orth-Gomér, K., Undén, A. L., & Edwards, M. E. (1988). Social isolation and mortality in ischemic heart disease. Acta Medica Scandanavica, 224, 205–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, C. M., Janxe, R. V, & Cobb, L. A. (1984). Ventricular fibrillation causes sudden death among Southeast Asian immigrants. Annals of Internal Medicine, 100, 45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podrid, P. J., & Lown, B. (1982). Pindolol for ventricular arrhythmias. American Heart Journal, 491-496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D., McGee, D., & Yano, K. (1984). Psychosocial processes and general susceptibility to chronic disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 119, 356–370.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D., McGee, D., Yano, K., & Feinleib, M. (1983). Social networks and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii. American Journal of Epidemiology, 117, 384–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, R. (1981). Atherosclerosis: A problem of the biology of arterial cell walls and their interactions with blood components. Arteriosclerosis, 1, 293–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozanski, A., Bairey, C. N., Krantz, D. S., Friedman, J., Resser, K. L., Morell, M., Hilton-Chalfen, S., Hestrin, L., Bietendorf, J., & Berman, D. S. (1988). Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 318, 1005–1012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruberman, W., Weinblatt, E., Goldberg, J., & Chaudhary, B. S. (1984). Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 311, 552–559.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, G. S. (1982). Social comparison and perceptions of health and illness. In G. S. Sanders & J. Suls (Eds.), The social psychology of health and illness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., & Shearin, E. N. (1986). Social support as an individual difference variable: Its stability, origins, and relational aspects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 845–855.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneiderman, N. (1977). Animal models relating behavioral stress and cardiovascular pathology. In T. M. Dembroski, S. M. Weiss, J. L. Shields, S. G. Haynes, & M. Feinleib (Eds.), Coronary-prone behavior (pp. 155–182). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenbach, V. J., Kaplan, B. H., Fredman, L., & Kleinbaum, D. G. (1986). Social ties and mortality in Evans County, Georgia. American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, 577–591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. M., Campbell, G. R., & Campbell, J. H. (1986). Replication of smooth muscle cells in vascular disease. Circulation Research, 58, 427–444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman, M., Seeman, T. E., & Sayles, M. (1985). Social networks and health status: A longitudinal analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman, T. E., Kaplan, G. A., Knudsen, L., Cohen, R., & Guralnik, J. (1987). Social network ties and mortality among the elderly in the Alameda County study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126, 714–723.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman, T. E., & Syme, S. L. (1987). Social networks and coronary artery disease: A comparison of the structure and function of social relations as predictors of disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 340–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, B. L., Kotier, M. N., & Iskandrian, A. S. (1985). Sudden cardiac death. In J. Morganroth & L. N. Horowitz (Eds.), Sudden cardiac death (pp. 1–21). Philadelphia: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selwyn, A. P., Sheal, M., Deanfield, J. E., Wilson, R., Horlock, P, & O’Brien, H. A. (1986). Character of transient ischemia in angina pectoris. American Journal of Cardiology, 58, 21B–25B.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiffer, F., Hartley, L. H., Schulman, C. L., & Abelmann, W. H. (1976). The quiz electrocardiogram: A new diagnostic and research technique for evaluating the relation between emotional stress and ischemic heart disease. Journal of Human Stress, 6, 39–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 11–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigler, L. (1967). EKG changes observed on the recall of past emotional disturbances. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 40, 55–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolow, M., & McIlroy, M. B. (1987). Clinical cardiology (4th ed.), Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sung, B. H., Wilson, M. F., Robinson, C., Thadani, U., & Lovallo, W. R. (1988). Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia induced by epinephrine: Comparison with exercise-induced ischemia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 381–393.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, P., Carruthers, M., & Somnerville, W. (1973). Electrocardiogram, plasma catecholamines and lipids and their modification by oxprenolol when speaking before an audience. Lancet, 2, 311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, P., Gibbons, D., & Somnerville, W. (1969). Some effects of motor-car driving on the normal and abnormal heart. British Medical Journal, 4, 130–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, P. A. (1983). Multiple identities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 48, 174–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support processes and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research and applications. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troxler, R. G., Sprague, E. A., Albanese, R. A., Fuchs, R., & Thompson, A. J. (1977). The association of elevated plasma cortisol and early atherosclerosis as demonstrated by coronary angiography. Atherosclerosis, 26, 151–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. J. (1983). Direct, indirect and moderating effects of social support upon psychological distress and associated conditions. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Psychosocial stress: Trends in theory and research (pp. 105–156). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vatner, S. F., Franklin, D., Higgins, C. B., Detrick, T, White, S., & VanCitters, R. L. (1971). Coronary dynamics in unrestrained conscious baboons. American Journal of Physiology, 221, 1369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verrier, R. L. (1987). Mechanisms of behaviorally induced arrhythmias. Circulation, 76(Suppl. I), 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, T. M., Mullooly, J. P., Ernst, D., Pope, C. R., & Hollis, J. F. (1992). Social networks as predictors of ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, and hypertension: Incidence, survival and mortality. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, 659–666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallston, B. S., Alagna, S. W, DeVellis, B. M., & DeVellis, R. F. (1983). Social support and physical health. Health Psychology, 4, 367–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welin, L., Tibbin, G., Svardsudd, K., Tibbin, B., Ander-Peciva, S., Larsson, B., & Wilhelmsen, L. (1985). Prospective study of social influences on mortality. Lancet, 1, 915–918.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 78–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, B. L., & Vernberg, E. (1985). Conceptual and theoretical dilemmas facing social support research. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research and application. The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. B., Barefoot, J. C., Haney, T. L., Harrell, F. E., Blumenthal, J. A., Pryor, D. B., & Peterson, B. (1988). Type A behavior and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in a sample of 2,289 patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 139–152.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. B., Haney, T. L., Lee, K. L., Kong, Y. H., Blumenthal, J. A., & Whalen, R. E. (1980). Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 42, 539–549.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A. (1983). Social comparison in coping and help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), New directions in help seeking, vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A. (1985). Supportive functions of interpersonal relationships. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. A., Contrada, R. J., & Glass, D. C. (1985). Psychophysiologic correlates of Type A behavior. In E. D. Katkin & S. B. Manuck (Eds.), Advances in behavioral medicine (pp. 39–88). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA

    Sheldon Cohen

  2. Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157-1040, USA

    Jay R. Kaplan

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA

    Stephen B. Manuck

Authors
  1. Sheldon Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jay R. Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stephen B. Manuck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103, USA

    Sally A. Shumaker

  2. Behavioral Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Susan M. Czajkowski

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cohen, S., Kaplan, J.R., Manuck, S.B. (1994). Social Support and Coronary Heart Disease Underlying Psychological and Biological Mechanisms. In: Shumaker, S.A., Czajkowski, S.M. (eds) Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease. The Springer Series in Behavioral Psychophysiology and Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2572-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2572-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2574-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2572-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation