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Social Influences on the Development of Cardiovascular Risk during Childhood and Adolescence

  • Chapter
Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

It has been estimated that more than half of today’s youths are predestined to cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality (Frank, Webber, & Berenson, 1982). Because cardiovascular diseases are usually considered adult maladies, some readers may ask why risk factors should be a cause for concern during childhood and adolescence. Autopsy studies of youths provide a compelling answer to this question: Although signs of disease are rarely obvious before midlife, atherosclerosis begins in infancy, with fatty streaks evident by age 3 and fibrous plaques appearing during adolescence (Cresanta et al., 1986). Behavioral indicators further underscore the importance of childhood and adolescence to CVD risk, given evidence of a gradual and consistent decline in health behaviors from the early primary to high school years (Leventhal, Prohaska, & Hirschman, 1985). As Berenson (1986) asserts, “Maximum potential for prevention occurs in early life, especially for high-risk individuals” (p. 21). In the following paragraphs, we consider four fundamental indications for a focus on CV risk in youth: risk factor tracking or continuity, the clustering of health risk indicators and behaviors, the preferability of prevention to intervention, and natural developmental windows or sensitive periods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92717, USA

    Carol K. Whalen

  2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA

    Wendy Kliewer

Authors
  1. Carol K. Whalen
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  2. Wendy Kliewer
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103, USA

    Sally A. Shumaker

  2. Behavioral Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Susan M. Czajkowski

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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Whalen, C.K., Kliewer, W. (1994). Social Influences on the Development of Cardiovascular Risk during Childhood and Adolescence. In: Shumaker, S.A., Czajkowski, S.M. (eds) Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease. The Springer Series in Behavioral Psychophysiology and Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2572-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2572-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2574-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2572-5

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