Skip to main content

Brain Imaging and Neuropsychological Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Chapter
Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging

Abstract

Historically, the discipline of neuropsychology has been interested in the localization paradigm relating behavioral deficits to focal lesions within the brain. The first generation of modern neuropsychologists (e.g., Benton & Van Allen, 1968; Hecaen & Albert, 1978; Luria, 1966; Milner, 1954; Teuber, 1974; Zangwill, 1969) sought out distinct groups of patients with lesions confined to specific cerebral regions and documented the corresponding behavioral impairments. What may be considered the second generation has relied on similar experimental strategies (i.e., based on double or multiple dissociations) in their efforts to identify the specific cerebral structures involved in various aspects of memory (exemplified by Mishkin, 1978; Pribram & Broadbent, 1970; Squire & Butters, 1985; Weiskrantz, 1968) or language and cognition (e.g., Benson & Geschwind, 1971; Goodglass & Kaplan, 1972).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, J. H., Mitchell, D. E., Graham, D. I., & Doyle, D. (1977). Diffuse brain damage of immediate impact type. Brain, 100, 489–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. H., Gennarelli, T. A., & Graham, D. I. (1982). Brain damage in non-missile head injury: Observations in man and subhuman primates. In W. T. Smith & J. B. Cavanagh (Eds.), Recent advances in neuropathology. London: Churchill Livingston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. H., Graham, D. I., Murray, L. S., & Scott, G. (1982). Diffuse axonal injury due to nonmissile head injury in humans: An analysis of 45 cases. Annals of Neurology, 12, 557–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arai, H., Kobayashi, K., Ikeda, K., Nagao, Y., Ogchara, R., & Kosaka, K. A. (1983). A computed tomography study of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, 229, 69–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, D. F., & Geschwind, N. (1971). Aphasia and related cortical disturbances. In A. B. Baker & L. H. Baker (Eds.). Clinical neurology. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benton, A. L., & Van Allen, M. W. (1968). Aspects of neuropsychological assessment in patients with cerebral disease. In C. M. Gaitz (Ed.), Aging and the brain. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D. (1987). Neuropathology of acquired cerebral trauma. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20, 458–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D. (1988). Diagnostic clinical neuropsychology. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigler, E. D., Hubler, D. W., Cullum, C. M., & Turkheimer, E. (1985). Intellectual and memory impairment in dementia: CT volume correlations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 347–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. M. (1982). Computerized tomography, atrophy and dementia: A review. Progress in Neurobiology, 4, 91–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boiler, F. C., Albert, M. L., Lemay, M., & Kertesz, A. (1972). Enlargement of the Sylvian aqueduct: A sequel of head injuries. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 35, 463–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brant-Zawadski, M., Pereira, E., & Weinstein, P. (1986). MR imaging of acute experimental ischemia in cats. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 7, 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bydder, G. M., Steiner, R. E., Young, I. R., Hall, A. S., Thomas, D. J., Marshall, T., Pallis, C. A., & Legg, N. J. (1982). Clinical NMR imaging of the brain: 140 cases. American Journal of Roentgenology, 139, 215–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clifton, G. L., Grossman, R. G., Makala, M. E., Miner, M. E., Handel, S., & Sadhu, V. (1980). Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury. Journal of Neurosurgery, 52, 611–624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crooks, L. E., Mills, C. M., Davis, P. L., Brant-Zawadzki, M., Hoenninger, J., Arakawa, M., Watts, J., & Kaufman, L. (1982). Nuclear magnetic resonance. Visualization of cerebral and vascular abnormalities by NMR imaging. The effects of imaging parameters on contrast. Radiology, 144, 843–852.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullum, C. M., & Bigler, E. D. (1985). Late effects of hematoma on brain morphology and memory in closed head injury. International Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 279–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullum, C. M., & Bigler, E. D. (1986). Ventricle size, cortical atrophy and the relationship with neuropsychological status in closed head injury: A quantitative analysis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 437–452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, H., Eslinger, P., Damasio, A. R., Rizzo, M., Huang, H. K., & Demeter, S. (1983). Quantitative computer tomographic analysis in the diagnosis of dementia. Archives of Neurology, 40, 715–719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Leon, M. J., & George, A. E. (1983). Computed tomography in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. In R. Mayeux & W. G. Rosen (Eds.), The dementias, pp. 103–122. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earnest, M. P., Heaton, R. K., Wilkinson, W. E., & Manke, W. F. (1979). Cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement and intellectual impairment in the aged. Neurology, 29, 1138–1143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, S., & Smith, J. (1976). Acute traumatic intracranial hematoma without skull fracture. Lancet, 1, 501–503.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gennarelli, T. A., Thibault, L. E., Adams, J. H., Graham, D. I., Thompson, C. J., & Marcincin, R. P. (1982). Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Annals of Neurology, 12, 564–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1972). The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Philadelphia: Lea & Feibiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudeman, S. K., Kishore, R. S., Becker, D. P., Lipper, M. H., Girevendulis, A. K., Jeffries, B. F., & Butterworth, J. F. (1981). Computed tomography in the evaluation of incidence and significance of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. Neuroradiology, 141, 397–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, J. S., Kaufman, B., Alfidi, R. J., Yeung, H. N., Benson, J. E., Haaga, J. R., El Yousef, S. J., Clampitt, M. E., Bonstelle, C. T., & Huss, R. (1984). Head trauma evaluated by magnetic resonance and computed tomography: A comparison. Radiology, 150, 71–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harenstein, S., Chamberlin, W., & Conomy, J. (1967). Infarction of the fusiderm and calcarne regions: Agitated delirium and hemianopia. Trans American Neurological Association, 92, 85–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, T. D., Lloyd, A. D., Fletcher, G. I. C., & Hanka, R. (1976). Ventricle size following head injury: A clinico-radiological study. Clinical Radiology, 27, 279–289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecaen, H., & Albert, M. (1978). Human neuropsychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckman, M. S., Fox, J., & Topel, J. (1975). The validity of criteria for the evaluation of cerebral atrophy by computed tomography. Neuroradiology, 116, 85–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, B., & Bond, M. (1975). Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: A practical scale. Lancet, 1, 480–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jernigan, T. L., Zatz, L. M., & Naeser, M. A. (1979). Semiautomated methods for quantitating CSF volume on cranial computed tomography. Radiology, 132, 463–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaszniak, A. N., Garron, D. C., Fox, J. H., Bergen, D., & Huckman, M. (1979). Cerebral atrophy, EEG slowing, age, education and cognitive functioning in suspected dementia. Neurology, 29, 1273–1279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishore, P. R., Lipper, M. H., Miller, J. D., Girevendulis, A. K., Becker, D. P., & Fine, F. S. (1978). Posttraumatic hydrocephalus in patients with severe head injury. Neuroradiology, 16, 261–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Meyers, C. A., Grossman, R. G., & Sarwar, M. (1981). Ventricular enlargement after closed head injury. Archives of Neurology, 38, 623–629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Benton, A. L., & Grossman, R. G. (1982). Neurobehavioral consequences of closed head injury. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Kalisky, Z., Handel, S. F., Goldman, A. M., Eisenberg, H. M., Morrison, D., & Von Laufen, A. (1985). Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to the sequelae and rehabilitation of diffuse closed head injury: Preliminary findings. Seminars in Neurology, 5, 221–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Handel, S. F., Goldman, A. M., Eisenberg, H. M., & Guinto, F. C. (1985). Magnetic resonance imaging after “diffuse” nonmissile head injury: A neurobehavioral study. Archives of Neurology, 42, 963–968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Amparo, E., Eisenberg, H. M., Williams, O. H., High, W. H., McArdle, C. B., & Weiner, R. C. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography in relation to the neurobehavioral sequelae of mild and moderate head injuries. Journal of Neurosurgery, 66, 706–713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luerssen, T. G., Hesselink, J. R., Ruff, R. M., Healy, M. E., & Grote, C. A. (1986). Magnetic resonance imaging of craniocerebral injury. Concepts in Pediatric Neurosurgery, 8, 190–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A. R. (1966). Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massman, P. H., Bigler, E. D., Cullum, C. M., & Naugle, R. I. (1986). The relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular volume. International Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 87–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meese, W., Kluge, W., Grumme, T., & Hopfenmulle, T. (1980). CT evaluation of the CSF spaces of healthy persons. Neuroradiology, 19, 131–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, B. (1954). The intellectual function of the temporal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 15, 42–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkin, M. (1978). Memory in monkeys severely impaired by combined but not separate removal of the hippocampus. Nature, 273, 297–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ommaya, A. K., & Gennarelli, T. A. (1974). Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness. Brain, 97, 633–654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pribram, K. H., & Broadbent, D. E. (Eds.). (1970). Biology of memory. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Signoret, J. L. (1985). Memory and amnesias. In M. M. Mesulam (Ed.), Principles of Behavioral Neurology (pp. 169–192). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sipponen, J. T., Sipponen, R. E., & Sivula, A. (1983). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of intracerebral hemorrhage in the acute and resolving phases. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 7, 954–959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Squire, L., & Butters, N. (Eds.). (1984). Neuropsychology of memory. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strich, S. J. (1956). Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 19, 163–185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Synek, V., & Reuben, J. R. (1976). The ventricular-brain ratio using planimetric measurement of EMI scans. British Journal of Radiology, 49, 233–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teuber, H. L. (1974). Recovery of function after lesions of the central nervous system: History and prospects. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin, 12, 132–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timming, R., Orrison, W. W., & Mikula, J. A. (1982). Computerized tomography and rehabilitation outcome after severe head trauma. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 63, 154–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tornheim, P. A. (1985). Traumatic edema in head injury. In D. P. Becker & J. T. Povlishock (Eds.), NIH central nervous system trauma status report (pp. 431–442). Bethesda: NINCDS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkheimer, E., Yeo, R., & Bigler, E. D. (1983). Digital planimetry in APLSF. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 15, 471–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Dongen, K. J., & Braakman, R. (1980). Late computed tomography in survivors of severe head injury. Neurosurgery, 7, 14–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiskrantz, L. (Ed.). (1968). Analysis of behavior change. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, S., Schenkenberg, T., Wing, S. D., & Osborn, A. G. (1981). Cognitive correlates of diffuse cerebral atrophy determined by computed tomography. Neurology, 31, 1180–1184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zangwill, O. L. (1969). Neuropsychological models of memory. In G. Talland & N. Waugh (Eds.), The pathology of memory (pp. 161–166). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ruff, R.M., Cullum, C.M., Luerssen, T.G. (1989). Brain Imaging and Neuropsychological Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Bigler, E.D., Yeo, R.A., Turkheimer, E. (eds) Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging. Critical Issues in Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2536-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2534-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics