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Current Issues in Behavior Modification with Mentally Retarded Persons

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Handbook of Behavior Modification with the Mentally Retarded

Part of the book series: Applied Clinical Psychology ((NSSB))

Abstract

The treatment and education of mentally retarded individuals has changed considerably over the years, alternating between compassionate concern and neglect and ridicule (Gearhart & Litton, 1975). Although residential institutions for mentally retarded persons in the United States were initially conceived for the purpose of treatment and education, a custodial-care orientation emerged early in the twentieth century, and, as a consequence, treatment and educational programs virtually disappeared. It was not until the 1950s that a growing concern for mentally retarded persons led to social change. In 1952, the National Association for Retarded Children (NARC, now called the Association for Retarded Citizens) was formed through the efforts of parents of mentally retarded children. Subsequently, the NARC and its state and local member units catalyzed community agencies into developing services for mentally retarded persons and provided, when necessary, direct services. Concurrent with this type of development, public enlightenment and awareness about mental retardation increased. The 1960s and 1970s were times of moral indignation, during which man’s inhumanity to man was exposed in such books as Christmas in Purgatory (Blatt & Kaplan, 1966). During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, a national effort began to address the needs of mentally retarded persons and the problems associated with mental retardation. As a consequence of these social and political concerns, an educational movement occurred, as movements to normalize, educate, and treat, and secure civil rights for mentally retarded persons gained impetus.

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA

    Thomas L. Whitman, Donald A. Hantula & Brenda H. Spence

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  1. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

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Whitman, T.L., Hantula, D.A., Spence, B.H. (1990). Current Issues in Behavior Modification with Mentally Retarded Persons. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Handbook of Behavior Modification with the Mentally Retarded. Applied Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2501-5_2

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