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Experimental Methods

  • Chapter
The Chemical Physics of Surfaces

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Abstract

Any book written on surfaces must be reasonably specialized. Here we are trying to be general but to emphasize basic studies in the gray area between surface physics and surface chemistry. Thus we emphasize electronic properties of the surface, surface states, and surface sites and how they affect physical and chemical properties. And we emphasize the experimental methods used to understand these effects. Inevitably, many areas of interest must be omitted. We omit to a greater or lesser extent corrosion, catalysis, surface tension, surfactants, and Langmuir-Blodgett films, to mention a few which seem to belong more to the realm of chemistry than to chemical physics. We also omit crystal growth, friction and wear, and crack propagation, which seem to belong more to the area of metallurgy, albeit closely related to surface science. While deemphasizing these topics, we deemphasize the experimental methods used in such studies, such as BET, used for surface area measurements in powders, adsorption measurement techniques, microbalance techniques, and undoubtedly myriad others that are used in chemical studies and metallurgical studies of the surface. Other techniques, such as the scanning electron microscope, we mention but deemphasize on the basis that they are classical techniques well understood. However, it will be observed that there are a plethora of techniques to be understood in order to follow the modern methods of surface study. The listing in this chapter does not cover several that this author thinks are at present less used, such as proton-induced x-ray emission. But extrapolating from the current rate of technique generation, particularly ultrahigh vacuum techniques, more will be produced every year. Lists with different selections are found in the reviews by Czanderna,(1) Hirschwald,(2) Lichtman,(3) and others.(4)

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    S. Roy Morrison

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Morrison, S.R. (1990). Experimental Methods. In: The Chemical Physics of Surfaces. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2498-8_3

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