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The Role of the Neurosciences in Primate Evolutionary Biology: Historical Commentary and Prospectus

  • Chapter
Primates and Their Relatives in Phylogenetic Perspective

Part of the book series: Advances in Primatology ((AIPR))

Abstract

If behavior is the leading edge of evolution, and if the brain is the principal organ of behavior, one might expect the neurosciences to occupy a central place in evolutionary biology. Obviously, this is not the case—at present. Yet the founders of modern physical anthropology and primatology included several individuals who also made significant contributions to neuroanatomy, particularly Grafton Elliot Smith, Wilfred E. Le Gros Clark, and Raymond Dart. (Examples of these contributions include Elliot Smith, 1897, 1910, 1919; Le Gros Clark, 1932, 1941, 1956; Dart, 1934). Such a confluence of professional interests was no accident: these individuals regarded the understanding of brain evolution as crucial for understanding primate phylogeny. As Elliot Smith (1924, p. 21) put it, the facts of brain evolution are “the cement to unite into one comprehensive story the accumulations of knowledge concerning the essential facts of Man’s pedigree.” In the works of Elliot Smith and Le Gros Clark, it was the increasing complexity of the brain, a result of life in the trees, that enabled primates to become behaviorally flexible or adaptable, and so escape the narrowing adaptations that beset terrestrial mammals (see especially Elliot Smith, 1924; Le Gros Clark, 1959).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240, USA

    Todd M. Preuss

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  1. Todd M. Preuss
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  1. American Museum of Narutal History, New York, New York, USA

    Ross D. E. MacPhee

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Preuss, T.M. (1993). The Role of the Neurosciences in Primate Evolutionary Biology: Historical Commentary and Prospectus. In: MacPhee, R.D.E. (eds) Primates and Their Relatives in Phylogenetic Perspective. Advances in Primatology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2388-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2388-2_10

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