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Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems pp 49–80Cite as

Alternating-Field Susceptometry and Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors

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Abstract

This review critically analyzes current practice in the design, calibration, sensitivity determination, and operation of alternating-field susceptometers, and examines applications in magnetic susceptibility measurements of superconductors. Critical parameters of the intrinsic and coupling components of granular superconductors may be deduced from magnetic susceptibility measurements. The onset of intrinsic diamagnetism corresponds to the initial decrease in electrical resistivity upon cooling, but the onset of intergranular coupling coincides with the temperature for zero resistivity. The lower critical field may be determined by the field at which the imaginary part of susceptibility increases from zero. Unusual features in the susceptibility of superconductor films, such as a magnetic moment that is independent of film thickness and the variation of susceptibility with angle, are related to demagnetization. Demagnetizing factors of superconductor cylinders are significantly different from those commonly tabulated for materials with small susceptibilities. Rules for the susceptibility of mixtures with specific demagnetizing factors are used to estimate the volume fraction of superconducting grains in sintered materials. Common misunderstandings of the Meissner effect, magnetic units, and formula conversions are discussed. There is a comprehensive summary of critical-state formulas for slabs and cylinders, including new equations for complex susceptibility in large alternating fields. Limitations on the use of the critical-state model for deducing critical current density are listed and the meaning of the imaginary part of susceptibility is considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, 80303, USA

    R. B. Goldfarb & C. A. Thompson

  2. Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, 14650, USA

    M. Lelental

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  1. R. B. Goldfarb
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  3. C. A. Thompson
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  1. Department of Physics FM-15, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Robert A. Hein

  2. Code 6344, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, 20375-5000, USA

    Thomas L. Francavilla

  3. Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy Street, Arlington, VA, 22217-5000, USA

    Donald H. Liebenberg

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Goldfarb, R.B., Lelental, M., Thompson, C.A. (1991). Alternating-Field Susceptometry and Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors. In: Hein, R.A., Francavilla, T.L., Liebenberg, D.H. (eds) Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2379-0_3

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