Abstract
Gadolinium was the fourth ferromagnetic element to be discovered and ever since it has drawn a lot of attention among scientists due to a number of interesting properties, some of which were initially reported as long ago as 1935 by Urbain et al.1. Gadolinium is unique for its high magnetic moment and for its special Curie point lying just at room temperature. In addition, gadolinium shows large anomalies in practically all its magnetic, elastic, thermal, and electrical properties.2 Recently, an UHV-compatible low field ac initial magnetic susceptibility [χac ≡χ(ω=constant, T)] technique has been developed and applied to the system hcp Gd(0001)/ bcc W(110),3 and the so-called “butterfly susceptibility” was recorded as well4. In this paper I present a review of the first experiment in which χac was measured in situ in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by the use of an inductive method. This novel technique, having nanometer resolution, has motivated further experimental work on ultrathin films.5
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References
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Salas, F.H. (1991). Novel Low Field ac Magnetic Susceptibility Technique in UHV: Magnetism of hcp Gd(0001). In: Hein, R.A., Francavilla, T.L., Liebenberg, D.H. (eds) Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2379-0_28
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2379-0_28
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