Abstract
The Late Archaic culture period has been characterized as a time of rapid and widespread changes in settlement-subsistence patterns, social organization, and technologies in the Middle Atlantic region (Catlin et al. 1983; Custer 1978, 1984a, b, 1986a,b; Gardner 1978, 1980; Mouer 1986; Mouer et al. 1981; Witthoft 1953; but see Cavallo and Joyce 1985). Recent explanatory models using a cultural-ecological theoretical perspective have focused on environmental change as the major cause of these shifts (Catlin et al. 1983; Custer 1978, 1984a,b, 1986a,b; Custer and Stewart 1983; Custer and Watson 1986). One of the major environmental factors viewed as being significant in generating Late Archaic cultural change is the mid-postglacial xerothermic. This climatic interval has been characterized as a period of extreme climatic oscillations, including maximum Holocene warm/dry conditions (Carbone 1976:77; Catlin et al. 1983:125; Custer 1978:2, 1984a:90, 1984b:33; 1986a,b; Custer and Stewart 1983:4; Custer and Wallace 1982:147; Custer and Watson 1986). It has been proposed that those climatic conditions caused changes in the abundance and distribution of resources exploited by human groups, resulting in an adaptive response by those populations that involved an increasing focus on estuarine and riverine sources and the emergence of long-range exchange networks (Catlin et al. 1983; Custer 1978, 1984a,b, 1986a,b; Custer and Stewart 1983).
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Joyce, A.A. (1988). Early/Middle Holocene Environments in the Middle Atlantic Region. In: Nicholas, G.P. (eds) Holocene Human Ecology in Northeastern North America. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2376-9_9
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