Abstract
The endemic part of a fauna deserves particular attention not only for discussions of biogeographical problems but also in connection with the ecosystems occurring in the area. As far as the Mediterranean is concerned, endemism has often been considered by authors dealing with different groups of animals. The ratio of endemic species, of course, is variable according to them but as a whole it is high, having been estimated at 15–16% (Menzies, 1973). An excellent report has been presented by Fredj (1974) who discussed several problems after having examined the situations observed in some groups of benthic invertebrates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arambourg, C., 1965, Considérations nouvelles au sujet de la faune ichthyologique paléoméditerranéenne, Senk. leth., 46:13.
Briggs, J.C., 1974, “Marine Zoogeography,” McGraw-Hill Co., New York.
Cappetta, H. et Ledoux, J.C., 1970, Comparaison de la faune ichthyologique miocène avec la faune actuelle de la Méditerrannée, Journ. ichthyol. CIESM, Rome:21.
Carpine, Chr. et Grasshoff, M., 1975, Les Gorgonaires de la Méditerranée, Bull. Inst. Océan., 71, 1430:140.
Caspers, H., 1953, Black Sea and Sea of Azof, Marine Ecology, Paleoecology, Geol. Soc. America, Mem. 67, 7:801.
Ekman, S., 1953, “Zoogeography of the Sea,” Sidgwick-Jackson, London.
Forbes, E., 1856, Map of the distribution of marine life, in: “The physical atlas of natural phenomena,” A.K. Johnston, Edinburgh-London.
Fredj, G., 1974, Stockage et exploitation des données en écologie marine. C. Considérations biogéographiques sur le peuplement benthique en Méditerranée, Mém. Inst. Océan., 7:88. Gamulin Brida, H., 1967, The Benthic fauna of the Adriatic Sea, Ocean. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 5:535.
Gamulin Brida, H. et Span, A., 1981, Situation biogéographique de la Méditerranée et de l’Adriatique en tant que sous-region distincte, Journ. études syst. évol. etc. CIESM, Cagliari:73.
Hsü, K.J., Ryan, W.B.F., and Cita, M.B., 1973, Late Miocene Dessiccation of the Mediterranean, Nature, 242:240.
Hyman, L.H., 1955, “The Invertebrates: Echinodermata,” McGraw-Hill, New York.
Klausewitz, W., 1968, Remarks on the zoogeographical situation of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, Ann. Mus. St. Nat. Genova, 77:323.
Landini, W. e Menesini, E., 1978, L’ittiofauna plio-pleistocenica della sezione della Vrica (Crotone, Calabria), Boll.Soc. Paleont. It., 17, 2:143.
Mars, P., 1963, Les faunes et la stratigraphie du Quaternaire méditerranéen, Rapp. Proc. Verb. CIESM, 17, 3:1029.
Menzies, R.J., 1973, Biological history of the Mediterranean Sea with reference to the abyssal benthos, Rapp. Proc. Verb. CIESM, 21, 9:717.
Miller, P.J., 1965, Relictogobius kryzhanowskii and the penetration of Mediterranean Gobies into the Black Sea, Nature, 208, 559:474.
Pérès, J.M., 1967, The Mediterranean Benthos. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 5:449.
Pérès, J.M. et Picard, J., 1958, Manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Méditerranée, Rec. Trav. St. Mar. Endoume, 24:122.
Por, F.D., 1978, “Lessepsian Migration,” Springer, Berlin-New York.
Por, F.D., 1981, The Lessepsian biogeographic province of the eastern Mediterranean, Journ. études syst. évol. etc. CIESM, Cagliari, 81.
Rampal, J., 1981, Biogéographie méditerranéenne d’après l’étude des Thécosomes (Mollusques pélagiques), Journ. études syst. évol. etc. CIESM, Cagliari, 45.
Ruggieri, G., 1967, The Miocene and later evolution of the Mediterranean Sea, Syst. Assoc. Publ., 7:283.
Sorbini, L. Tirapelle Rancan, R., 1979, Messinian fossil fish of the Mediterranean, Paleogeogr. Paleoclimat. Paleoecol., 29:143.
Tortonese, E., 1969, La fauna del Mediterraneo e i suoi rapporti con quelle dei mari vicini, Pubbl. St. Zool. Napoli, 37:369.
Tortonese, E., 1973, Facts and perspectives related to the spreading of Red Sea organisms into the eastern Mediterranean, Ann. Mus. St. Nat. Genova, 79:322.
Tortonese, E., 1976, Endemic elements in the Mediterranean fish fauna, Rév. Trav. Inst. Pêches Mar., 40:771.
Tortonese, E., 1980, Review of present status of the Mediterranean Echinoderms, in: “Echinoderms present and past,” Jangoux, M., ed., Balkema, Rotterdam.
Vecelet, J., 1981, Les affinités du peuplement des spongiaires de la Méditerranée, Journ. études syst. évol. etc. CIESM, Cagliari:29.
Woodward, S.P., 1851–56, “A Manual of the Mollusca,” J. Wheale, London.
Zander, C.D., 1973, Evolution of Blennioidei in the Mediterranean Sea, Rév. Trav. Inst. Pêches Mar., 37, 2:215.
Zander, C.D., 1980, Morphological and ecological investigations on sympatric Lipophrys species (Blenniidae, Pisces), Helgol. Meeres., 34:91.
Zander, C.D. and Heymer, A., 1976, Morphologische und ökologische Untersuchungen an den speleophilen Schleimfischartigen Tripterygion melanurus Guichenot, 1850 und T. minor Kolombatovic, 1892 (Perciformes, Blenniioidei, Tripterygiidae), Zeit. Zool. Syst. Evol., 14:41.
Zander, C.D. und Heymer, A., 1977, Analysis of ecological equivalents among littoral fish, in: “Biol. benthic organisms”, 11 Europ. Symp. Mar. Biol. Galway, 1976, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Zibrowius, H., (in press), Nouvelles données sur la distribution de quelques Scleractiniaires “méditerranéens” à l’est et à ouest du détroit de Gibraltar, Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit., Cannes.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tortonese, E. (1985). Distribution and Ecology of Endemic Elements in the Mediterranean Fauna (Fishes and Echinoderms). In: Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., Kiortsis, V. (eds) Mediterranean Marine Ecosystems. NATO Conference Series, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2248-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2248-9_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2250-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2248-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive