Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Polymer Science and Technology ((POLS,volume 32))

Abstract

The non-random specific sequences of amino acids that comprise the endogenous peptides serve as a rich source of new pharmacophores from which drugs can be designed. Some of these natural peptides have been available as drugs. Many others can serve as focal points for drug development. In this review the types of peptide Pharmaceuticals will be enumerated. Indirect methods for control of endogenous peptider-gic processes will be discussed. The major problems in peptide pharmaceutical development will be outlined with many examples of peptide analogs that surmount these problems: peptides stabilized to proteolysis; peptides delivered by oral administration; peptides acting on the brain; and peptides with enhanced selective action. Peptides do not have to be reduced to small molecules to become drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Goodman and R. P. Saltman, Biopolymers, 20, 1929 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Ecomonics Co., Ordell, NJ, p. 589.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Ordell, NJ, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Drugs of the Future, 6, 604 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  5. I. M.A. Evans, Lancet, I, 1232 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L. A. Austin and H. Heath, N. England J. Med., 304, 269 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. D. Koelmeyer, E. J. W. Stephens, N. Zealand Med. J., 87, 434 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. A. Wisneski, W. P. Groom, O. L. Silva and K. L. Becker, Clin. Pharmacol Therapy, 24, 219 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Ziegler, H. Minne, J. Hotz, H. Goebell, Digestion, 11, 157 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. F. Fracoli, A. Fabri, L. Gnessi, C. Moretti, C. Santoro, M. Felici, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 78, 381 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Papp, Z. Berger, V. Vacro, Digestion, 21, 163 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. F. X. Pi-Sunyer, H. R. Kissileff, J. Thornton and G. P. Smith, Clin. Res., 29, A631 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. Stacher, H. Bauer and H. Steinringer, Physiol. Behav., 23, 325 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. I. Magnusson and T. Ihre, Lancet, I, 792 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Schneider-Helmut, F. Gnirss, M. Monnier, J. Schenker, G. A. Schonenberger, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 19, 341 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. H. Catlin, K. K. Hui, H. H. Loh and C. H. Li, Comm. Psycho. Pharmacol., 1, 493 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. Oyama, S. Fukushi, T. Jin, Can. Anesth. Soc. J., 29, 24 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Oyama, A. Matsuki, T. Taneichi, N. Ling, R. Guillemin, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 137, 613 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. H. Catlin, K. K. Hui, H. H. Loh, C. H. Li, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol., 18, 341 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Oradell, NJ, p. 1001.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. Frasier, G. Castin, B. M. Lippe, T. Aceto and P. F. Bunger, J. Clin. Endcrinol, Metab., 53, 1213 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Rudman, M. H. Kutner, R. D. Blackstone, R. A. Cushman, R. P. Bain and J. H. Patterson, N. Eng. J. Med., 305, 123 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Oradell, NJ, p. 1842.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Oradell, NJ, p. 1111.

    Google Scholar 

  25. G. Leyendecker, L. Wildt, M. Hansmann, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 51, 1214 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Pirazolli, F. Zapparella, F. Bernardi, M. P. Villa, D. Aleksandrowicz, A. Scandola, P. Stancaci, A. Cicognani, E. Caiccari, Arch. Dis. in Childhood, 53, 235 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J. Happ, F. Kollmann, C. Kawehl, M. Neubauer, U. Krause, K. Demisch, J. Sandow, W. von Rechenberg and J. Beyer, Fert. and Steril., 29, 546 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. H. Ehrensing and A. J. Kastin, Am. J. Psych., 135, 562 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. H. Ehrensing, A. J. Kastin, P. F. Larsens and G. A. Bishop, Diseases of the Nervous System, 38, 303 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. M. Blackburn, S. R. Bloom, R. G. Cory, D. R. Fletcher, N. D. Christofides, M. L. Fitzpatrick and J. H. Baron, Lancet I, 987 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Oradell, NJ, p. 1689.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Physicians Desk Reference, 36th Edition, Chas. R. Baker, Medical Economics Co., Oradell, NJ, p. 1690.

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. Reeve, P. J. Meunier, J. A. Parsons, M. Bernat, O. L. M. Bijovet, P. Courpron, C. Edouard, L. Klenerman, R. M. Neer, J. C. Renier, D. Slovik, F. J. F. E. Vismans and J. T. Potts, Jr., Br. Med. J., 1980, 1340.

    Google Scholar 

  34. L. Kayasseh, U. Keller, K. Gyr, G. A. Stalder and M. Wall, Lancet, I, 844 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J. P. Galmiche, M. V. Veyroe and R. Colin, Lancet, I, 1306 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  36. B. Limberg, B. Kommerall, Lancet, II, 916 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. D. B. Case, J. M. Wallace, H. J. Keim, M. A. Weber, J. E. Sealey and J. H. Laragh, N. Eng. J. Med., 296, 641 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. P. Bordigoni, G. Faure, M. C. Bene, M. Dardenne, J. F. Bach, J. Duheille and D. Olive, Lancet, I, 293 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M. T. Lavastida and J. C. Daniels, Fed. Proc, 37, 1669 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Costanzi, J. Daniels, G. Thurman, A. Goldstein and J. Hokanson, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 332, 148 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. P. B. Chretien, S. D. Lipson, R. W. Makuch, D. E. Kenady and M. H. Cohen, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 332, 135 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. E. M. Veys, E. C. Huskisson, M. Rosenthal, T. L. Vischer, H. Mielants, P. A. Thrower, J. Scott, H. Ott, M. Scheijgord and J. Syoens, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 41, 441 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J. E. Tyson, U. S. Patent No. 4, 125, 605, Nov. 14, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  44. D. R. Brown and D. L. Uden. Minn. Med., 62, 427 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Drugs of the Future, 7, 319 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  46. K. Pentella, D. S. Bachman and C. A. Sandman, Neuropediatrics, 13, 59 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. D. B. Case, J. M. Wallace, H. J. Keim, J. E. Sealey, J. H. Laragh, Am. J. Med., 60, 825 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. A. J. Cowley, J. M. Rowley, K. L. Stainer and J. R. Hampton, Lancet I, 730 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Di Nicolantorio, F. A. O. Mendelsohn, J. S. Hutchinson, Y. Takata and A. E. Doyle, Can. J. Physiol. Rev., 242, R498 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  50. G. A. Sagnella and G. A. MacGregor, Nature, 309, 666 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. E. Morley, A. S. Levine, M. M. Oker, M. Grace and J. Kneip, Peptides, 3, 1 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. D. Regoli and J. Barabe, Pharmacol. Rev., 32, 1 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. S. Morley, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 20, 81 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. J. H. Walsh, in: “Gut Hormones”, S. R. Bloom and J. M. Polak, Eds. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1981, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. O. Thorner, J. Rivier, J. Spiess, J. L. Borges, M. L. Vance, S. R. Bloom, A. D. Rogol, M. J. Cronin. D. L. Kaiser, W. S. Evans, J. D. Webster, R. M. MacLeod and W. Vale, Lancet, I, 24 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. T. Katzorke, D. Propping, M. Vander Ohe and P. F. Tauber, Fert. and Steril., 33, 35 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  57. O. Levalle, L. Tropea, N. Aparicio, A. Guitelman, A. Manieri, M. Comaru-Schally and A. V. Schally, Andrologia, 13, 207 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. G. Tolls, D. Ackman, A. Stellos, A. Mehta, F. Labrie, A. T. A. Fazekas, A. M. Comaru-Schally and A. V. Schally, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 79, 1658 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. A. R. Hoffman and W. F. Crowley, N. Eng. J. Med., 307, 1237 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. F. Comite, G. B. Cutler, J. Rivier, W. W. Vale, D. L. Loriaux, W. F. Crowley, N. Eng. J. Med., 305, 1546 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. C. Berquist, S. J. Nillius, L. Wide, Clin. Endocrinol., 17, 91 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. A. Zarati, E. S. Canales, I. Sthorey, D. H. Coy, A. M. Comaru-Schally and A. V. Schally, Contraception, 24, 315 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. C. Rivier, J. Rivier and W. Vale, Science, 210, 93 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. M. T. Murphy, D. B. Richards and J. M. Lipton, Science, 221, 192 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. E. Lederer, J. Med. Chera., 23, 819 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Fernstrom, R. E. Carraway, S. E. Leeman, Frontiers in Neuroendocrin., 6, 103 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  67. N. E. Gyr, L. Kayasseh and U. Keller, in: “Gut Hormones”, S. R. Bloom & J. M. Polak, Eds., Churchill Livingstone, New York, p. 581.

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. J. Barnes, R. G. Long, T. E. Adrian, W. Vale, M. R. Brown, J. E. Rivier, J. Hanley, M. A. Ghatei, D. L. Saraon and S. R. Bloom, Clin. Sci., 61, 653 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  69. K. Nishioka, G. F. Babcock, J. M. Phillips and R. D. Noyes, Mol. Cell Biochem., 41, 13 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. K. Nishioka, Br. J. Cancer, 39, 342 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. W. Weingarter, W. Kaye, P. Gold, S. Smallby, R. Patterson, J. C. Gillin and M. Ebert, Life Sci., 29, 2721 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. I. Kobayashi, Thromb. Res., 16, 775 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. F. L. Stassen, R. W. Erickson, W. F. Huffman, F. Stefankiewicz, L. Sulat and V. D. Wiebelhaus, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 223, 50 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  74. The abbreviations for natural amino acids and nomenclature for peptide structures follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature., J. Biol. Chem., 247, 977 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  75. G. Baumann, A. Walser, P. A. Desaulles, F. J. A. Paesi, L. Geller, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 42, 60 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. D. de Weid, A. Witter, H. M. Greven, Biochem. Pharmacol., 24, 1463 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. R. J. Varek and J. M. Stewart, Peptides, 1, 231 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Y. Keso, M. Yamaguchi, T. Akita, H. Moritoki, M. Takei and H. Nakamura, Naturwissenschaften, 68, 210 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. D. Roemer, H. H. Buescher, R. C. Hill, J. Pless, W. Bauer, F. Cardinaux, A. Closse, D. Hauser and R. Huguenin, Nature, 268, 547 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. J. J. Nestor Jr., T. L. Ho, R. A. Simpson, B. L. Horner, G. H. Jones, G. I. McRae and B. H. Vickary, J. Med. Chem., 25., 795 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. H. Koch, Pharmacy International, May, 1981, p. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. J. Knittel, T. K. Sawyer, V. J. Hruby and M. E. Hadley, J. Med. Chem., 26, 125 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. D. F. Veber, F. W. Holly, R. F. Nutt, S. J. Bergstrand, S. F. Brady, R. Hirschmann, M. S. Glitzer and R. Saperstein, Nature (London), 280, 512 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. K. Inouye, K. Watanabe, Y. Tochino, M. Kobayashi and Y. Shigeta, “Peptide Chemistry 1982”, 277 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  85. M. T. Murphy, D. B. Richards and J. M. Lipton, Science, 221, 192 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. R. Langer, Pharm. Res., 1, 2 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. H. P. J. Bennett and C. McMartin, Pharm. Rev., 30, 247 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. M. Hahn, P. O. Sammes, P. D. Kennewell and J.B. Taylor, J. C. S. Chem. Comm., 1980, p. 234.

    Google Scholar 

  89. M. T. Cox, J. J. Gormley, C. F. Hayward and N. N. Petter, J. C. S. Chem. Comm., 1980, p. 800.

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. Szelke, B. Leckie, A. Hallett, D. M. Jones, J. Suciras, B. Atrash and A. F. Lever, Nature, 299, 255 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. G. Van Lommen, F. Al-Obeidi, E. Delock, E. Destrijker, G. Van Binst and V. J. Hruby, in: “Peptides 1980, Proc. 16th Eur. Pept. Symp.”, K. Brunfeldt, Ed., Scriptor, Copenhagen, 1981, p. 248.

    Google Scholar 

  92. C. B. Pert, D. L. Bowie, B. T. W. Fong, J-K. Chang, in: “Opiates and Endogenous Opioid Peptides”, Elswier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 1976, p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  93. V. J. Hruby, Life Sci., 31, 189 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. M. J. O’Donnell, B. Le Cleff, D. B. Rusterholtz, L. Ghosez, J.-P. Antonine and M. Navarro, Tetrahedron Lett., 23, 4259 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. K. Stachowiak, M. C. Khosla, K. Placinska, P. A. Khairallah, and F. M. Bumpus, J. Med. Chem., 22, 1128 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Y. Shimohigushi, M. L. English, C. H. Stammer and T. Costa, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 104, 583 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. M. Chorev, R. Shavitz, M. Goodman, S. Minick and R. Guillemin, Science, 204, 1210 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. A. F. Spatola, in: “Peptide Structure and Function, Proceedings Eighth American Peptide Symposium”, V. J. Hruby and D. H. Rich, Ed., Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL, 1983, p. 341.

    Google Scholar 

  99. G. Metcalf, Pharm. J., 1979, 356.

    Google Scholar 

  100. F. A. Carone, D. R. Peterson and G. Flouret, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 100, 1 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  101. B. A. Schoelkens, R. Lux and R. Steinbach, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 229, 244 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Scrip News No. 824, p. 15, August 29, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  103. P. W. Gold, H. Weingartner, J. C. Bollinger, F. K. Goodwin and R. M. Post, Lancet, I, 992 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. K. Takaori, M. Donowitz and J. Burton, Fed. Proc, 43, 446 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  105. A. L. Warshaw, W. A. Walker and K. J. Isselbacher, Gastroenterology, 66, 987 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  106. A. N. Nicholson and B. M. Stone, Neuropharmacol., 19, 1245 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. G. Bylinsky, Fortune, July 26, 1982, p. 28.

    Google Scholar 

  108. H. R. Brunner, H. Gavras, B. Waeber, G. A. Turini and J. P. Wauters, in: “Captopril and Hypertension”, D. B. Case, E. H. Sonneblick and J. H. Laragh, Eds., Plenum Medical Book Co., NY, 1980, p. 149.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  109. A. J. Cowley, K. L. Stainer, J. M. Rowley and J. R. Hampton, Lancet, II, 730 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. L.-F. Tseng, H. M. Loh, C. H. Li, Life Sciences, 23, 2053 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. L. Chedid, F. Audibert, P. Lefrancier, J. Choay and E. Lederer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 73, 2472 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. W. Bauer, U. Briner, W. Doepfner, R. Haller, R. Hugeinin, P. Marbach, T. J. Petcher and J. Pless, Life Sci., 31, 1130 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. D. Brewster, P. W. Dettmar and G. Metcalf, Neuropharmacol., 20, 497 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. F. Laczi, G. Mezei, J. Julesz and F. A. Faszlo, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. Toxicol., 18, 63 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  115. H. Okada, I. Yamazaki, Y. Ogawa, S. Hirai, T. Yashiki and H. Mina J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 1367 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. G. Dapergolas and G. Gregoriadis, Lancet, I, 824 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. J. F. Arieta-Molero, K. Aleck, M. K. Sinha, C. M. Brownscheidle, L. J. Shapiro and M. A. Sperling, Hormone Res., 16, 249 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. T. J. Postmes, M. Hukkelhoven, A. E. J. M. Vanden Bogaard, S. G. Haiders and J. Loengracht, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 32, 722 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. A. J. Schroit and I. J. Fidler, Cancer Res., 42, 161 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  120. W. Lotz, B. Syllwasschy, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 31, 649 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. S. Futaguchi, K. Odaguchi, A. Tanaka and M. Hirata, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 34, 343 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. W. H. Oldendorf, Exp. Eye Res., 1977, Suppl., p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  123. W. H. Oldendorf, Peptides, 2, 109 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. A. J. Kastin, C. Nissen, D. H. Coy, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 15, 955 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. R. H. Gerner, B. Sharp and D. H. Catlin, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 55, 358 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. W. M. Pardridge, H. J. L. Frank, E. M. Cornford, L. D. Braun, P. D. Crane and W. H. Oldendorf, in: “Neurosecretion and Brain Peptides”, J. B. Martin, S. Reichlin and K. L. Bick, Eds., Raven Press, NY, 1981, p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

  127. C. Crane, in; “Ion Homeostasis of the Brain”, B. K. Siesjo and S. C. Sorensen, Eds., Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1971, p. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  128. M. van Houton, E. L. Schiffrin, J. F. E. Mann, B. I. Posner and R. Boucher, Brain Research, 186, 480 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. A. Pfefferbaum, P. A. Berger, G. R. Elliott, J. R. Tinkenberg, B. S. Kopell, J. D. Barchas and C. H. Li, Psych. Res., 1, 83 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. D. A. Gorelich, D. M. Catlin and R. H. Gerner, Mod Prob. Pharmacopsychiat., 17, 236 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  131. A. J. Kastin, L. H. Miller, D. Gonzalez-Barcena, W. D. Hawley, K. Dyster-Aas, A. V. Schally, M. L. Velasco-Parra and M. Velasco, Physiol. Behav., 7, 893 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. R. L. Moss and S. M. McCann, Science, 181, 177 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. R. E. Miller and N. Ogawa, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycol., 55, 211 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. H. Weingartner, P. Gold, J. L. Ballinger, S. A. Smallberg, R. Summers, D. R. Rubinow, R. M. Post and F. K. Goodwin, Science, 211, 601 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. H. M. Emrich, M. Zaudig, W. Kissling, G. Dirlich, D. von Zerssen and A. Herz, Pharmakopsychiat. Neuropsychopharm., 13, 290 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. F. A. Momany, C. Y. Bowers, G. A. Reyolds, D. Chang, A. Hong and K. Newlander, Endocrinol., 108, 31 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. J. DiMaio, T. M. D. Nguyen, C. Lemieux and P. W. Schiller, J. Med. Chem., 25, 1432 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. P. Lefancier, M. Derrien, X. Jamet, J. Choay, E. Lederer, F. Audibert, M. Parant, F. Parant and L. Chedid, J. Med. Chem., 25, 85 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  139. G. L. Stahl and R. Walter, J. Med. Chem., 20, 492 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. P. K. T. Pang, M. C. M. Yang, H. T. Keutmann and A. D. Kenny, Endocrinology, 112, 284 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. C. A. Meyers, D. H. Coy, W. A. Murphy, J. W. Redding, A. Arimura and A. V. Schally, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 77, 577 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. N. Fukuda, O. Nishimura, M. Shikato, C. Hatanaka, M. Miyamoto, Y. Saji, R. Nakayama, M. Fujino and Y. Nagawa, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1667 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. C. W. Smith and R. Walter, Science, 199, 297 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. J. D. Bower, B. K. Handa, A. C. Lane, B. A. Morgan, M. J. Rance, C. F. C. Smith and A. N. A. Wilson, in: “Peptides: Synthesis, Structure and Function; Proceedings of the Seventh American Peptide Symposium”, D. H. Rich and E. Gross, Eds., Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL, 1981, p. 607.

    Google Scholar 

  145. M. R. Sairan and P. Manurath, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 445 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  146. M. V. Nekola, A. Horvath, L.-J. Ge, D. H. Coy and A. V. Schally, Science, 218, 160 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. R. Quirion, F. Rioux, D. Regoli and S. St. Pierre, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 61, 309 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. V. J. Hruby, K. K. Deb, D. M. Yamamoto, M. E. Hadley and W. Y. Chan, J. Med. Chem., 22, 7 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. J. E. Mahaffey, M. Rosenblatt, G. L. Shepard and J. T. Potts, Jr., J. Biol. Chem., 254, 6496 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  150. J. L. Fries, W. A. Murphy, J. Suieras-Dias and D. H. Coy, Peptides, 3, 811 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. K. Folkers, J. Horig, G. Rampold, P. Lane, S. Rosell and U. Bjorkroth, Acta. Chem. Scand., B26, 389 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. M. Fridkin, Y. Stabinsky, V. Zakuth and Z. Spirer, Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 496, 203 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. M. Manning, W. A. Klis, A. Olma, J. Seto and W. H. Sawyer, J. Med. Chem., 25, 414 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. L. Kisfaludy, in: “Peptides 1982, Proc. 17th Eur. Peptide Symp.”, K. Blaha and P. Malon, Eds., Walter de Gruyter, New York, 1983, p. 543.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Samanen, J.M. (1985). Polypeptides as Drugs. In: Gebelein, C.G., Carraher, C.E. (eds) Polymeric Materials in Medication. Polymer Science and Technology, vol 32. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2245-8_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2245-8_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2247-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2245-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics