Abstract
A psychologist interested in casual attributions asks, “What do people think are the causes of injustice?” not “What are the real causes of injustice?” A practical realist may reply, “What does it matter what people think, if it bears no relation to reality?” The thesis of this chapter is that what people think about the causes of injustice affects how they feel about any particular injustice and informs their actions. In this chapter we examine how social scientists can help to legitimate alternative views of injustice and social change strategies. We argue that by generating alternative views, social scientists exercise a significant social responsibility (Buss, 1979; Fine, 1983, 1983-84; Wexler, 1982). Taking our lead from the work of Philip Brickman and colleagues (1982), we see this as a two-phase process: helping people to locate the sources of social problems in economic and social structures and conceptualizing collective strategies for change.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alinsky, S.D. (1972). Rules for radicals. New York: Random House, Vintage Books.
Apfelbaum, E. (1979). Relations of domination and movements for liberation: An analysis of power between groups. In W. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Bogdan, R. & Taylor, S. (1976, January). The judged, not the judges. American Psychologist, 1, 47–52.
Bowles, S. & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America. New York: Basic Books.
Brickman, P., Rabinowitz, V., Karuza, V., Coates, D., Cohn, E., & Kidder, L. (1982). Models of helping and coping. American Psychologist, 37, 368–384.
Buss, A. (Ed.). (1979). Psychology in social contest. New York: Irvington.
Caplan, N. & Nelson, S. (1973). On being useful: The nature and consequence of psychological research on social problems. American Psychologist, 28, 199–211.
Caplan, P. (1984). The myth of women’s masochism. American Psychologist, 39 (2), 130–139.
Crosby, F. (1982). Relative deprivation and working women. New York: Oxford University Press.
Deutsch, M. (1974). Awakening the sense of injustice. In M. Ross & M. Lerner (Eds.), The Quest for Justice. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Fine, M. (1979). Options to injustice: Seeing other lights. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 10 (3,4), 61–76.
Fine, M. (1983). Perspectives on inequity: Voices from urban schools. In L. Bickman (Ed.), Applied social psychology annual, (IV). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Fine, M. (1983–1984). Coping with rape: Critical perspectives on consciousness. Imagination, cognition and personality: The scientific study of consciousness, 3, 249–267.
Fine, M. & Rosenberg, P. (1983, Summer). Dropping out of high school. The ideology of schooling and work. Journal of Education, 165 (3), 257–272.
Fine, M., Surrey, D., Vanderslice, V., & Barr, D. (1983, July). Perceptions of injustice: The paradox of options. Paper presented at the International Society for Political Psychology in Oxford, England.
Foucault, M. (1972). Intellectuals and power. TELOS, 16, 103–109.
Frank, G. (1981). Venus on wheels: The life history of a congenital amputee. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles.
Frieze, I. (1979). Perceptions of battered wives. In I. Frieze, D. Bar-Tal, & J. Carroll (Eds.), New approaches to social problems: Applications of attribution theory. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Furby, L. (1979). Individualistic bias in studies of locus of control. In A. Buss (Ed.), Psychology in social contest. New York: Irvington.
Giroux, H. (1984). Theory and resistance in education. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey Press.
Gurin, P., Gurin, G., Lao, R. & Beattie, M. (1969). Internal-external control in the motivation dynamics of Negro youth. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 29–53.
Gurr, T. (1971). Why men rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kidder, L. (1982). Face validity from multiple perspectives. In D. Brinberg & L. Kidder (Eds.), Forms of validity in research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kidder, L., Fagan, M. & Cohn, (1981). Giving and receiving: Social justice in close relationships. In M. Lerner & S. Lerner (Eds.), The justice motive in social behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Lerner, M.(1970). The desire for justice and reactions to victims. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism. New York: W.W. Norton.
MacKinon, C. (1979). Sexual harassment of working women. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mercer, J. (1973). Labeling the mentally retarded. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Miller, J. B. (1976). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston: Beacon Press.
Moore, B. (1978). Injustice: The social bases of obedience and revolt. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
Pear, R. (1984, February 23). Rise in poverty from’ 79 to’ 82 is found in U.S. The New York Times, p. Al.
Petchesky, R. P. (1984). Abortion and women’s choice. New York: Longmans.
Piven, F. & Cloward, R. (1982). The new class war. New York: Pantheon.
Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9 (1), 1–25.
Riegel, K. (1976). The dialectics of human development. American Psychologist, 31 (10), 689–700.
Rothman, D. (1978). The state as parent: Social policy in the Progressive Era. In W. Gaylin, I. Glassier, S. Marcus, & D. Rothman (Eds.), Doing good: The limits of social benevolence. New York: Pantheon.
Ryan, W. (1981). Equality. New York: Pantheon.
Sarason, S. (1978). The nature of problem solving in social action. American Psychologist, 33, 370–380.
Schanberg, S. (1984, February 4). Reagan’s homeless. The New York Times, p. 23.
Schechter, S. (1982). Women and male violence. Boston: South End Press.
Seidman, E. (1978). Justice, values and social science: Unexamined premises. In R. Simon (Ed.), Research in law and sociology (I). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Stallard, K., Ehrenreich, B. & Sklar, H. (1983). Poverty in the American dream: Women and children first. Boston: South End Press.
Surrey, D. (1984). Communities take control: Rent strikers and squatters’ rights. Paper presented at the Society for Applied Anthropology, Toronto.
Sweidel, G. & Fine, M. (1983). Disability, discrimination and politics: Coping along the mainstream. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education.
Vanderslice, V., with Cherry, F., Cochran, M. & Dean, C. (1984). Communication for empowerment: A facilitator’s manual of empowering teaching techniques. (Family Matters Project). Ithaca: Cornell University.
Walker, L. (1979). The battered woman. New York: Harper & Row.
Wexler, P. (1982). Critical social psychology. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Wills, T. (Ed.). (1982). Basic processes in helping. New York: Academic Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kidder, L.H., Fine, M. (1986). Making Sense of Injustice. In: Seidman, E., Rappaport, J. (eds) Redefining Social Problems. Perspectives in Social Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2236-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2236-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2238-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2236-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive