Abstract
Ethnic minorities often have been highly critical of research on problems concerning race relations. Controversy has occurred in areas such as intelligence (Jorgensen, 1973; Williams, 1974), personality and ethnic identity (Banks, 1976; Brand, Ruiz, & Padilla, 1974; Nobles, 1973), mental health (Gynther, 1972; Sue, Sue, & Sue, 1975), and family structure (Gordon, 1973; Trimble, 1976). Invariably, criticisms focus on the use of culturally biased measures, inattention to ethnic response sets, invalid interpretations of minority behavior from an Anglo-Saxon perspective, lack of norms for evaluating ethnic responses, and effects of the experimenter’s race on subjects’ behavior.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
APA Ad Hoc Committee on Minority Affairs. (1979). Report to the APA Board of Directors. Washington, DC: Author.
Baldwin, J. (1957). Notes of a native son. Boston: Beacon Press.
Banks, W. C. (1976). White preference in blacks: A paradigm in search of phenomenon. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1179–1186.
Bernal, M. E., & Padilla, A. M. (1982). Status of minority curricula and training in clinical psychology: 1980. American Psychologist, 37, 780–787.
Brand, E., Ruiz, R. A., & Padilla, A. M. (1974). Ethnic identification and preference: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 860–890.
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York: Wiley.
Brown, T. F., Stein, K., Huang, K., & Harris, D. (1973). Mental illness and the role of mental health facilities in Chinatown. In S. Sue & N. Wagner (Eds.), Asian Americans: Psychological perspectives (pp. 212-231). Ben Lomond, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
Campbell, D. T. (1967). Stereotypes and the perception of group differences. American Psychologist, 22, 817–829.
Clark, K. B. (1972). Foreword. In A. Thomas & S. Sillen, Racism and psychiatry (pp. xi–xiii). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Connor, J. W. (1974). Acculturation and changing need patterns in Japanese-American and Caucasian-American college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 93, 293–294.
Costello, R. M., Fine, H., & Blau, B. (1973). Racial comparisons on the MMPI. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 63–65.
Crosby, F., Bromley, S., & Saxe, L. (1980). Recent unobstrusive studies of black and white discrimination and prejudice: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 546–563.
Denton, H., & Sussman, B. (1981, March 29). Race relations: Gains seen for blacks, but what lies ahead? Seattle Times, p. 47.
Dohrewend, B. P., & Dohrewend, B. S. (1969). Social status and psychological disorder. New York: Wiley.
Fischer, J. (1969). Negroes, whites and rates of mental illness: Reconsideration of a myth. Psychiatry, 32, 428–446.
Gordon, M. M. (1978). Human nature, class, and ethnicity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gordon, T. (1973). Notes on white and black psychology. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 87–96.
Gynther, M. D. (1972). White norms and black MMPI’s: A prescription for discrimination? Psychological Bulletin, 78, 386–402.
Inkeles, A., & Levinson, D. J. (1969). National character: The study of modal personality and sociocultural systems. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 418-506). Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
Jorgensen, C. C. (1973). IQ tests and their educational supporters. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 33–40.
Kitano, H. H. (1980). Race relations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Klineberg, O. (1981). International educational exchange: The problem of evaluation. American Psychologist, 36, 92–199.
Korchin, S. J. (1980). Clinical psychology and minority problems. American Psychologist, 35, 262–269.
Kramer, M., Rosen, B. M., & Willis, E. M. (1973). Definitions and distributions of mental disorders in a racist society. In C. V. Willie, B. M. Kramer, & B. S. Brown (Eds.), Racism and mental health. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Kumagai, H. A. (1981). A dissection of intimacy: A study of “bipolar posturing” in Japanese social interaction—Amaeru and Amayakasu, indulgence and deference. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 5, 249–272.
McConahay, J. B., & Hough, J. C. (1976). Symbolic racism. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 23–46.
McGrath, J. E. (1980). Social science, social action, and the Journal of Social Issues. Journal of Social Issues, 36, 109–124.
Nobles, W. W. (1973). Psychological research and the black self-concept: A critical review. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 11–32.
Olmedo, E. L. (1979). Acculturation: A psychometric perspective. American Psychologist, 34, 1061–1070.
Olmedo, E. L. (1981). Testing linguistic minorities. American Psychologist, 36, 1078–1085.
Padilla, A. M., & Ruiz, R. A. (1973). Latino mental health: A review of the literature (DHEW Publication No. 74-113). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Pasamanick, B., Roberts, D. W., Lemkau, P. W., & Krueger, D. B. (1959). A survey of mental disease in a urban population: Prevalence by race and income. In B. Pasamanick (Ed.), Epidemiology of mental disorder (pp. 183-191). Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Pettigrew, T. F. (1973). Racism and the mental health of white Americans: A social psychological view. In C. V. Willie, B. M. Kramer, & B. S. Brown (Eds.), Racism and mental health (pp. 269–298). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Powell, G. J. (1973). Self-concept in white and black children. In C. V. Willie, B. M. Kramer, & B. S. Brown (Eds.), Racism and mental health. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.
Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 1–25.
Rich, A. R., & Schroeder, H. E. (1976). Research issues in assertiveness training. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1081–1096.
Sears, D. O., Speer, L. K., & Hensler, C. P. (1977, August). Opposition to busing: Self-interest or symbolic racism? Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
Sue, D. W., & Kirk, B. A. (1973). Differential characteristics of Japanese-American and Chinese-American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 20, 142–148.
Sue, S. (1977). Community mental health services to minority groups: Some optimism, some pessimism. American Psychologist, 32, 616–624.
Sue, S., Sue, D. W., & Sue D. (1975). Asian Americans as a minority group. American Psychologist, 30, 906–910.
Thomas, A., & Sillen, S. (1972). Racism and psychiatry. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Trimble, J. E. (1976). Value differences among American Indians: Concerns for the concerned couselor. In P. Pedersen, W. J. Lonner, & J. G. Draguns (Eds.), Counseling across cultures. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Williams, R. L. (1974). Scientific racism and IQ—The silent mugging of the black community. Psychology Today, pp. 32, 34, 37-38, 41, 101.
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition (Vol.7). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Yammamoto, J., James, Q. C., & Palley, N. (1968). Cultural problems in psychiatric therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 19, 45–49.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zane, N., Sue, S. (1986). Reappraisal of Ethnic Minority Issues. In: Seidman, E., Rappaport, J. (eds) Redefining Social Problems. Perspectives in Social Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2236-6_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2236-6_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2238-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2236-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive