Abstract
The beginning of this century saw the development of two important principles of neurobiology: that the nerve cell (neuron) is the building unit of the nervous system and that neurons usually communicate with one another by chemicals. Direct electrical communication between neurons is rare, because even at their closest point of approach they are insulated from each other by a gap (about 200–250 Å) filled with extracellular fluid. When an electrical signal arrives at the end of a neuron, packets of a small molecule, called neurotransmitter, are released from the neuron into the gap. These chemicals act as messengers and interact with a component of the membrane of the receiving cell, whether it is another neuron, muscle, or gland. This component is called the receptor and the point of communication between the cells is called the synapse. Different chemicals have been identified as neurotransmitters, and one of these is acetylcholine (ACh). The synapse in this case is said to be cholinergic (Fig. 1). Such synapses are located in the animal brain, ganglia, and nerve-gland junctions, and also in nerve-muscle junctions in vertebrates.
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Eldefrawi, A.T. (1976). The Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Interactions with Insecticides. In: Wilkinson, C.F. (eds) Insecticide Biochemistry and Physiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2212-0_8
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