Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional Stress pp 399–411Cite as

Individual Differences and the Stress Response: Studies of a Wild Primate

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 245))

Abstract

It has been half a century since Selye’s first paper on stress and the General Adaptation Syndrome. As is apparent from this volume, stress physiology is now a rigorous and credible biomedical discipline. It is not clear, however, if those would have been the first attributes to come to mind at the mention of the subject during its earlier days. Much of this credibility has emerged with the uncovering of precise mechanisms to explain the relationships between environmental or emotional perterbations and physiological processes. Certainly, sensitive physicians long before Selye recognized that a patient’s emotional state could influence disease outcome. Few, one suspects, imagined that emotion and disease would be shown to be linked by precise biochemical events.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M, Adams, J. Kaplan, T. Clarkson, and D. Koritnik, Ovariectomy, social status and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys, Atheroscler. 5:192 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Adams, J. Kaplan, and D. Koritnik, Psychosocial influences on ovarian endocrine and ovulatory function in Macaca fascicularis, Physiol Behav 35:935 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Adlersberg, L. Schaefer, and S. Drachman, Development of hypercholesterolemia during cortisone and ACTH therapy. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 144:909 (1950).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Archer, Effects of aggressive behavior on the adrenal cortex in laboratory mice, J. Mammal. 51:327 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Barnett, Competition among wild rats, Nature 175:126 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Baumgartner, K. Graf, and I. Kurten, The dexamethasone suppression test in depression, in schizophrenia and during experimental stress, Biol. Psychiat. 20:675 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Bradley, J. Wingerd, D. Petitti, R. Krause, and S. Ramcharan, High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and oral contraceptin, N. Eng. J. Med. 299:17 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Bronson, and B. Eleftheriou, Chronic physiologic effects of fighting on mice, Gen. Comp. Endo. 4:9 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Brown, and J. Goldstein, Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 52:223 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Ceuleman, H. Westenberg, and H. Van Praag, The effect of stress on the DST, Psychiat. Res. 14:189 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Ching, Morphine suppresses the proestrus surge of GnRH in pituitary portal plasma of rats, Endocrinology 112:2209 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Cupps, and A. Fauci, Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man, Immuno. Rev. 65:133 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Davidson, C. Camargo, and E. Smith, Effects of androgen on sexual behavior in hypogonadal man. J. Clin. Endo. Metab. 48:955 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Davis, and J. Christian, Relation of adrenal weight to social rank of mice, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 94:728 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Demassa, E. Smith, and B. Tennent, The relationship between circulating testosterone levels and sexual behavior, Horm. Behav. 8:275 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Dessi-Fulgheri, P. Messeri, and C. Prisca, A study of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol and prolactin in a socially intact group of Japanese macaques, Anthropol. Contemp. 4:123 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Dixson, Androgens and aggressive behavior in primates: A review, Agg. Behav. 6:37 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Flow, and G. Mott, Genetic mediation of cholesterol metabolism in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus), Atherosclerosis 41:403 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Eaton, and J. Resko, Plasma testosterone and male dominance in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) troop compared with repeated measures of testosterone in laboratory males, Horm. Behav. 5:251 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Fox, and R. Andrews, Physiologic and biochemical correlates of individual differences in behavior of wolf cubs, Behavior 46:129 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Folkman, R. Langer, C. Haudenschild, and S. Taylor, Angiogenesis inhibition and tumor regression caused by heparin or a heparin fragment in the presence of cortisone, Science 221:719 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Frankel, and E. Ryan, Testicular innervation is necessary for the response of plasma testosterone levels to acute stress, Biol. Repro. 24:491 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Gold, L. Loriaux, A. Roy, M. Kling, J. Calabrese, C. Kelolner, L. Nieman, R. Post, D. Pickar, W. Gallucci, P. Avgerinos, S. Paul, E. Oldfield, G. Cutler, and G. Chrousos, Responses to corticotropinreleasing hormone in the hypercorticsolism of depression and cushing’s disease, N. England J. Med. 314:1329 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Goldberg, D. Rabin, A. Alexander, G. Doelle, G.’Getz, Suppression of plasma testerone leads to an increase in serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein A-I and B, J. Clin. Endo. Metab. 60:203 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Golub, E. Sassenrath, and G. Goo, Plasma cortisol levels and dominance in peer groups of rhesus monkey weanlings, Horm. Behav. 12:50 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. T. Gordon, R. Rose, and I. Bernstein, Seasonal rhythm in plasma testosterone levels in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): A three-year study, Horm. Behav. 7:229 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Grundy, Circulation 69:5 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  28. G. Hausfater, Dominance and reproduction in baboons: A quantitative analysis, Contrib Primatol, Vol 7, Karger, Basel (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  29. N. Hodsin, The nerves of the testis, epididymis, and scrotum, in: “The Testis,” D. Johnson, W. Gome, and N. Vandermark, eds., Academic Press, NY (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  30. F. Holsboer, U. von Bardeleben, A. Gerken, G. Staller, and O. Muller, Blunted corticotropin and normal cortisol response to human corticotropin-releasing factor in depression. N. Engl. J. Med. 311:1127 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Jolly, “The Evolution of Primate Behavior,” 2nd edition, MacMillan, New York (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  32. W. Kannel, and T. Gordon, “The Framingham Study,” NIH Publication 74-599 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  33. E. Katz, H. Weiner, and T. Gallagher, Beta-Endocrphin immunoreactivity and acute behavioral distress in children with leukemia, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 170:72 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E. Keverne, R. Meller, and J. Eberhart, Dominance and subordination: Concepts or physiological states?, in: “Advanced Views in Primate Biology,” V. Chiarelli, and J. Corruccini, eds., Springer-Verlag, NY (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  35. D. Krieger, “Cushing’s Syndrome”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1982).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. C. Louch, and M. Higginbotham, The relation between social rank and plasma corticosterone levels in mice, Gen. Comp. Endo. 8:441 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Lundberg, and L. Wide, Sexual function in males with pituitary tumors, Fert. Steril. 28:175 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  38. K. Manogue, D. Candland, and A. Leshner, Dominance status and adrenocortical reactivity to stress in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri scuireus), Primates 16:457 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Max, and J. Toop, Androgens enhance in vivo 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat striated muscle, Endocrinology 113:119 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. McGill, The relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum cholesterol concentrations and to atherosclerosis in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32:2664 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. G. Mott, C. McMahan, J. Kelley, C. Farley, and H. McGill, Influence of infant and juvenile diets on serum cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein concentrations in juvenile baboons (Papio sp.), Atherosclerosis, 45:191 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. A. Munck, P. Guyre, and N. Holbrook, Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions, Endo. Rev. 5:25 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. C. Nemeroff, E. Widerlov, and G. Bisette, Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients. Science 226:1342 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Packer, Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis, Nature 265:441 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. N. Popova, and E. Naumenko, Dominance relation and the pituitary-adrenal system in rats, Anim. Behav. 20:108 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Popp, “Male Baboons and Evolutionary Principals.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  47. T. Ransom, “Beach Troop of the Gombe.” Bucknell Press, Lewisburg, (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  48. D. Rassmussen, J. Liu, P. Wolf, and S. Yen, Endogenous opioid regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from the human fetal hypothalamus in vitro, J. Clin. Endo. Metab. 57:881 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Rose, Psychoendocrinology, in: “Textbook of Endocrinology,” J. Wilson, ed., 7th edition, Saunders, Philadelphia (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. Rose, J. Holaday, and I. Bernstein, Plasma testosterone, rank and aggressive behavior in male rhesus monkeys, Nature, 231:366 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. Sapolsky, The endocrine stress-response and social status in the wild baboon, Hormones and Behav., 16:279 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. R. Sapolsky, Individual differences in cortisol secretory patterns in the wild baboon: role of negative feedback sensitivity, Endocrinology 113:2263 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Sapolsky, Endocrine aspects of social instability in the olive baboon (Papio anubis), Am. J. Primatology, 5:365 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Sapolsky, Stress-induced suppression of testicular function in the wild baboon: Role of glucocorticoids, Endocrinology 116:2273 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. Sapolsky, Stress-induced elevation of testosterone concentrations in high-ranking baboons: Role of catecholamines, Endocrinology, 118:1630 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. R. Sapolsky, Endocrine and behavioral correlates of drought in the wild baboon, Am. J. Primatology, in press (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  57. R. Sapolsky, and G. Mott, Social subordinance in wild baboons is associated with suppressed high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations: A possible role for chronic social stress, Endocrinology, submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  58. R. Sapolsky, L. Krey, and B. McEwen, Glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal neurons are involved in terminating the adrenocortical stress response. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6174 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. R. Sapolsky, L. Krey, and B. McEwen, The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis, Endocrine Rev 7:284 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. R. Sapolsky, and B. McEwen, Why dexamethasone resistance? Two possible neuroendocrine mechanisms, in: “HPA Physiology and Pathophysiology,” A. Schatzberg and C. Nemeroff, eds., Raven Press, NY (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  61. E. Sassenrath, Increased adrenal responsiveness related to social stress in rhesus monkeys, Horm. Behav. 1:283 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. R. Shekel le, W. Raynor, and A. Ostfeld, Psychological depression and 17-year risk of death from cancer, Psychosom. Med. 43:117 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. C. Shively, and J. Kaplan, Effects of social factors on adrenal weight and related physiology of Macaca fascicularis, Physiol. Behav. 33:777 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. B. Smuts, “Sex and Friendship in Baboons,” Aldine Press, NY (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  65. C. Southwick, and V. Bland, Effect of population density on adrenal glands and reproductive organs of CFW mice, Am. J. Physiol. 197:111 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Stern, O. Kolterman, J. Fries, H. McDevitt, G. Reaven, Adrenocortical steroid treatment of rheumatic diseases, Arch. Intern. Med. 132:97 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. S. Strum, Agonistic dominance in male baboons: An alternative view, Int. J. Primatology 3:175 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. F. de Waal, “Chimpanzee Politics,” Harper and Row, New York (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. Weiss, Somatic effects of predictable and unpredictable shock, Psychosom. Med. 32:397 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. U. Yodyingyuad, C. Riva, D. Abbott, J. Herbert and E. Keverne, Relationship between dominance hierarchy, cerebrospinal fluid levels of amine transmitter metabolites (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and homovanillic acid) and plasma cortisol in monkeys, Neurosci. 16:851 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya

    Robert M. Sapolsky

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Robert M. Sapolsky

Authors
  1. Robert M. Sapolsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    George P. Chrousos , D. Lynn Loriaux  & Philip W. Gold ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sapolsky, R.M. (1988). Individual Differences and the Stress Response: Studies of a Wild Primate. In: Chrousos, G.P., Loriaux, D.L., Gold, P.W. (eds) Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional Stress. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 245. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2064-5_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2064-5_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2066-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2064-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation