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The Effects of 4f Level Occupancy, Coulomb Interactions, and Hybridization on Core Level Spectra of Lanthanides

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Giant Resonances in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 151))

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Abstract

One of the necessary conditions for giant resonances is the presence of empty valence states with compact wave functions. This characteristic, found typically in transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides, is also associated with formation of narrow bands, strong Coulomb interactions between the narrow band electrons and weak hybridization between the narrow valence states and the rest of the valence bands in solids. It leads to complex behaviour in various core level and other spectroscopies; but it also leads to many puzzles in the physical and chemical properties of these elements, and also their alloys and compounds. These properties are related to the influence of both band structure and atomic correlation effects. The theoretical treatment of these properties is terribly difficult, so that provision of any experimental guidance on the size of the parameters involved and the appropriate approximations, assumes great importance. This has led many workers in the last decade to try to deduce ground state properties from complex, high energy spectroscopies, rather than to investigate the complex, high energy spectroscopies for themselves. The results have been surprisingly good and some of the background will be discussed here, using the lanthanide 4f levels as an example.

We will consider screening of a core hole in a solid and the satellites and dynamics of core hole creation and destruction. It will be shown how these effects can be related to problems in 4f level occupancy, Coulomb interactions between valence electrons, and hybridization of the 4f levels with conduction states.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    J. C. Fuggle

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College, London, England

    J. P. Connerade

  2. University of Paris, Orsay, France

    J. M. Esteva  & R. C. Karnatak  & 

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Fuggle, J.C. (1987). The Effects of 4f Level Occupancy, Coulomb Interactions, and Hybridization on Core Level Spectra of Lanthanides. In: Connerade, J.P., Esteva, J.M., Karnatak, R.C. (eds) Giant Resonances in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids. NATO ASI Series, vol 151. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2004-1_25

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