Abstract
In recent years, there have been several attempts to apply the high selectivity of an immunochemical reaction towards the development of an electrode which could measure solution concentrations of antigen or antibody. Conventional ion selective electrode (ISE) technology has not been used to design an ISE immunoelectrode per se because the molecular size of the immunochemical species places special requirements on the electrochemical properties of a sensing membrane; i. e., it would be difficult to build a membrane in such a way that it would allow high exchange current density of the immunochemical species of interest and exclude the permeation of small inorganic ions. Thus, since the mechanism that makes ion selective electrodes selective can not be directly applied in the case of an immunochemical reaction, several researchers have resorted to modifying the conditions under which a conventional ISE works so that an indirect determination of antibody/antigen concentration can be made. As the example electrode designs given in Table 1 show, the way in which these indirect immunoelectrodes function is the local ion activity that is measured at the ISE surface becomes modified in a way that is directly proportional to the antibody/antigen concentration.
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Thompson, M., Tauskela, J.S., Krull, U.J. (1987). On the Direct Immunochemical Potentiometric Signal. In: Ngo, T.T. (eds) Electrochemical Sensors in Immunological Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1974-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1974-8_1
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