Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuropsychological Assessment of the Elderly

  • Chapter
Neuropsychology

Part of the book series: Human Brain Function ((HBFA))

Abstract

A rapid growth in the interest in brain-behavior relations has occurred during the past decade. This is particularly true with regard to the effects of aging on the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, much attention has been dedicated to this area (Albert & Moss, 1988; Goldstein & Nussbaum, 1997; Katzman & Rowe, 1992; La Rue, 1992; Lovell & Nussbaum, 1994; Nussbaum, 1996), resulting in the establishment of geriatric neuropsychology as a specialized discipline of study. Several factors contribute to the continued growth of geriatric neuropsychology. First, neuropsychology continues to represent a primary area of professional growth within the larger area of clinical psychology. Second, the population of the United States is aging, with those over the age of 65 representing one of the fastest-growing segments of society (La Rue, 1992). Third, there is a critical need for health care providers of the older adult. Fourth, the emergence of Alzheimer’s disease as one of the leading causes of death in the older adult population has generated much interest in the study of aging. Geriatric neuropsychology has the opportunity to contribute significantly to an understanding of the effects of aging on the CNS and to the development of new models of health care delivery for the older adult.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albert, M. S. (1988). Acute confusional state. In M. S. Albert & M. B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology (pp. 100–114). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S., & Moss, M. B. (Eds.). (1988). Geriatric neuropsychology. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, J. C, La Resche, L., Niaz, U., Von Korff, M., & Folstein, M. (1982). Limits of the Mini-Mental State as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychological Medicine, 12, 397–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awad, I. A., Spetzler, R. F., Hodak, J. A., Awad, C. A., & Carey, R. (1986). Incidental subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: Correlation with age and cerebrovascular risk factors. Stroke, 17, 1084–1089.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, B. N., Jiron, C. C., & Henry, R. R. (1993). Performance of adults ages 20 to 90 on the abbreviated Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 205–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, B. N., Woodard, J. L., & Henry, R. R. (1992). Analysis of an abbreviated form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 27–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, A. L., & Hamsher, K. (1983). Multilingual aphasia examination. Iowa City: AJA Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D. T. R., Allen, R. S., & Schmitt, F. A. (1991). Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: Psychometric characteristics in a geriatric sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 143–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D. T. R., & Carpenter, G. S. (1992). Effect of four different delay periods on recall of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure by older persons. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 80–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boone, K. B., Lesser, I. M., Gutierrez-Hill, E., Berman, N. G., & D’Elia, L. F. (1993). Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure performance in healthy, older adults: Relationship to age, education, sex, and IQ. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 22–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boone, K. B., Miller, B. L., Lesser, I. M., Hill, E., & D’Elia, L. D. (1990). Performance on frontal lobe tests in healthy, older individuals. Developmental Neuropsychology, 6, 216–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, R. A. (1985). Normative data on selected neuropsychological measures from a nonclinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 651–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botwinick, J. (1977). Intellectual abilities. In J. E. Birreh & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 580–605). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, J. (1991). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 125–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiulli, S. J., Yeo, R. A., Haaland, K. Y., & Garry, P. J. (1989). Complex figure copy and recall in the elderly. Paper presented to the International Neuropsychological Society, Vancouver, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, C. E., & Figiel, G. S. (1991). Neuropsychiatrie significance of subcortical encephalomalacia. In B. J. Carroll & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Psychopathology and the brain (pp. 243–264). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, C. E., Figiel, G. S., Djang, W. T., & Weiner, R. D. (1990). Subcortical hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: A comparison of normal and depressed elderly subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 187–189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F. I. M., & McDowd, J. M. (1987). Age differences in recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 474–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F. I. M., Morris, L. W., Morris, R. G., & Loewen, E. R. (1990). Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 5, 148–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. (1968). The influence of age on trail making test performances. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 96–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekaban, A. S., & Sadowsky, B. S. (1978). Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: Relation of brain weights to body height and weight. Annals of Neurology, 4, 345–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delis, D. C, Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). The California Verbal Learning Test, research edition. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doraiswamy, P. M., Figiel, G. S., Husain, M. M., McDonald, W. M., Shah, S. A., Boyko, O. B., Ellinwood, E. H., & Krishnan, K. R. R. (1991). Aging of the human corpus callosum: Magnetic resonance imaging in normal volunteers. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3, 392–397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Earnest, M. P., Heaton, R. K., Wilkinson, W. E., & Manke, W. F. (1979). Cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement and intellectual impairment in the aged. Neurology, 29, 1138–1143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhart, C, Eisenstein, N., & Meininger, J. (1994). Psychometric properties of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8, 405–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escobar, J. I., Burnam, A., Karno, M., Forsythe, A., Landsverk, J., & Golding, J. M. (1986). Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination in a community population of mixed ethnicity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 607–614.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., Anthony, J. C, Parhard, I., Duffy, B., & Gruenberg, E. M. (1985). The meaning of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 33, 228–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, M., Leach, L., Kaplan, E., Winocur, G., Shulman, K. I., & Delis, D. C. (1994). Clock drawing: a neuropsychological analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, G., & Weisberg, L. A. (1986). MRI periventricular lesions in adults. Neurology, 36, 998–1001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G. (1983). Normal aging and the concept of dementia. In C. J. Golden & P. J. Vicente (Eds.), Foundations of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 249–271). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G., & Nussbaum, P. D. (1997). The neuropsychology of aging. In J. G. Beaumont & J. Sergent (Eds.), Blackwell dictionary of neuropsychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G., & Shelly, C. (1981). Does the right hemisphere age more rapidly than the left? Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 65–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golomb, J., De Leon, M. J., Kluger, A., George, A. E., Tarshish, C, & Ferris, S. H. (1993). Hippocampal atrophy in normal aging. Archives of Neurology, 50, 967–973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1972). The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haaland, K. Y., Vranes, L. F., Goodwin, J. S., & Garry, P. J. (1987). Wisconsin card sort test in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 345–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, General, 108, 356–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haug, H., Barmwater, V., Eggers, R., Fischer, D., Kuhl, S., & Sass, N. L. (1983). Anatomical changes in aging brain: Morphometric analysis of the human prosencephalon. In J. Cervos-Navarro & H. I. Sarkander (Eds.), Neuropharmacology (pp. 1–12). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haut, M. W., Weber, A. M., Wihelm, K. L., Keefover, R. W., & Rankin, E. D. (1994). The visual reproduction subtest as a measure of visual perceptual/constructional functioning in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8, 187–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, R. K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. G. (1991). Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, J. L., & Catell, R. B. (1967). Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence. Acta Psychobiologica, 26, 107–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer, S. (1990). Brain glucose and energy metabolism during normal aging. Aging, 2, 245–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Incagnoli, T., Goldstein, G., & Golden, C. J. (1986). Clinical application of neuropsychological test batteries. New York: Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Peterson, R. C, Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1992a). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: Updated AVLT norms for ages 56-97. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 83–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Peterson, R. C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1992b). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: WAIS-R norms for ages 56-97. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Peterson, R. C, Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1992c). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: WMS-R norms for ages 56-94. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 49–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, R. (1991). Standardized and flexible batteries in neuropsychology: An assessment update. Neuropsychology Review, 2, 281–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, E. F., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming Test (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaszniak, A. W. (1987). Neuropsychological consultation to geriatricians: Issues in assessment of memory complaints. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1, 35–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R., & Rowe, J. W. (1992). Principles of geriatric neurology. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiernan, R. J., Mueller, J., Langston, J. W., & Van Dyke, C. (1987). The neurobehavioral cognitive status examination: A brief but quantitative approach to cognitive assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 481–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobari, M., Stirling, M., & Ichijo, M. (1990). Leukoaraiosis, cerebral atrophy, and cerebral perfusion in normal aging. Archives of Neurology, 47, 161–165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, B., & Wishaw, I. Q. (1990). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology (3rd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Rue, A. (1992). Aging and neuropsychological assessment. New York: Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lechner, H., Schmidt, R., Bertha, G., Justich, E., Offenbacher, H., & Schneider, G. (1987). Nuclear magnetic resonance image of white matter lesions and risk factors for stroke in normal individuals. Stroke, 19, 263–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lezak, M. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, K. O., Zipursky, R. B., Murphy, G. M., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1990). In vivo quantification of the limbic system using MRI: Effects of normal aging. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 35, 15–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loring, D. W., Martin, R. C, & Meador, K.J. (1990). Psychometric construction of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 1–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovell, M. R., & Nussbaum, P. D. (1994). Neuropsychological assessment. In C. E. Coffey & J. L. Cummings (Eds.), Textbook of geriatric neuropsychiatry (pp. 129–144). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matarazzo, J. D. (1972). Wechsler’s measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattis, S. (1976). Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In L. Bellack & T. B. Karasu (Eds), Geriatric psychiatry (pp. 79–121). New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCue, M., Goldstein, G., & Shelly, C. (1989). The application of a short form of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery to discriminate between dementia and depression in the elderly. International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11, 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mclnnes, W. D., Gillen, R. W., Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Cole, J. K., Uhl, H. S. M., & Greenhouse, A. H. (1983). Aging and performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. International Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 179–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miceli, G., Caltagirone, C, Gainotti, G., Masullo, C, & Silveri, M. C. (1981). Neuropsychological correlates of localized cerebral lesions in non-aphasic brain damaged patients. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 53–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. K. H., Alston, R. L., & Corsellis, J. A. N. (1980). Variations with age in the volumes of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man: Measurements with an image analyser. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 6, 119–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. K. H., & Corsellis, J. A. N. (1977). Evidence for a secular increase in human brain weight during the past century. Annals of Human Biology, 4, 253–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenberg, W., Seidenberg, M., O’Leary, D. S., & Digiulio, D. V. (1989). Changes in cerebral functioning associated with normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 918–932.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, H. E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12, 313–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, H. E. (1982). National Adult Reading Test manual. Windsor, U.K.: NFER-Nelson Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D. (1994). Pseudodementia: A slow death. Neuropsychology Review, 4, 71–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D. (1996). Aging: Issues in health and neuropsychological functioning. In A. J. Goreczny (Ed.), Handbook of recent advances in behavioral medicine. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D., Fields, R. B., & Starratt, C. (1992, February). Comparison of three scoring procedures for the clock drawing. Paper presented at the International Neuropsychological Society, San Diego, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D., Kaszniak, A. W., Allender, J., & Rapcsak, S. (1995). Cognitive decline and depression in the elderly: A follow-up study. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 101–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D., & Sauer, L. (1993). Self-report of depression in elderly with and without progressive cognitive deterioration. Clinical Gerontologist, 13, 69–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osato, S., La Rue, A., & Yang, J. (1989, November). Screening for cognitive deficits in older psychiatric patients. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Minneapolis, MN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d’une figure complex: Contribution a l’etude de la perception et de la memoire. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 286–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parmelee, P. A., & Katz, I. R. (1990). Geriatric Depression Scale. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 1379–1380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powers, R. E. (1994). Neurobiology of aging. In C. E. Coffey & J. L. Cummings (Eds.), Textbook of geriatric neuropsychiatry (pp. 35–70). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, D. E. (1987). Neuropsychological assessment of memory in early dementia: Normative data for a new battery of memory tests. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitan, R. M. (1969). Manual for administration of neuropsychological test batteries for adults and children. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1985). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rey, A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encephalopathie traumatique. Archives de Psychologie, 28, 286–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rey, A. (1964). L’examen clinique en psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, L. J., Rester, D. B., Saykin, A. J., Kaplan, E. F., & Gur, R. C. (1991). Comparison of two short forms of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 27–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rouleau, L, Salmon, D. P., Butters, N., Kennedy, C, & McGuire, K. (1992). Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 18, 70–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schacter, D. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Kihlstrom, J. F., & Valdiserri, M. (1991). The relation between source memory and aging. Psychology and Aging, 6, 559–568.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaie, K. W. (1965). A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaie, K. W. (1983). Longitudinal studies of adult psychological development. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaie, K. W., & Parham, I. (1977). Cohort-sequential analyses of adult intellectual development. Developmental Psychology, 13, 649–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaie, K. W., & Schaie, J. P. (1977). Clinical assessment and aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), The psychology of aging (pp. 692–723). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1991). A compendium of neuropsychological tests. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire, L. R. (1987). Memory and brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G. T., Wilson, R. S., Gilley, D. W., Bernard, B. A., & Fox, J. H. (1990). Use of the National Adult Reading Test to estimate premorbid IQ in dementia. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 4, 18–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steingart, A., Hachinski, V. C, Lau, C., Fox, A. J., Diaz, F., Cape, R., Lee, D., Inzitari, D., & Merskey, H. (1987). Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan. Archives of Neurology, 44, 32–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, P., Pary, R., Telang, F., Rifai, A. H., & Zubenko, G. S. (1990). Risk factors for white matter changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. Stroke, 21, 1424–1428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama, C. L., Mitrushina, M. N., D’Elia, L. F., Satz, P., & Matthews, A. (1994). Frontal lobe functioning in geriatric and non-geriatric samples: An argument for multimodal analyses. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 9, 215–228.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valdois, S., Yves, J., Poissant, A., Ska, B., & Dehaut, F. (1990). Heterogeneity in the cognitive profiles of the elderly. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 587–598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Gorp, W. G., Satz, P., Kiersch, M. E., & Henry, R. (1986). Normative data on the Boston Naming Test for a group of normal older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 702–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. S., Rosenbaum, G., Brown, G., Rourke, D., Whitman, D., & Grisell, J. (1978). An index of premorbid intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1554–1555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, D., Huang, V., Adley, M., & Lerier, V. O. (1983). Development and screening of a geriatric depression rating scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 7, 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zubenko, G. S., Sullivan, P., Nelson, J. P., Belle, S. H., Huff, J., & Wolf, G. L. (1990). Brain imaging abnormalities in mental disorders of late life. Archives of Neurology, 47, 1107–1111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aging Research and Education Center, Lutheran Affiliated Services, St. John Specialty Care Center, Mars, Pennsylvania, 16046, USA

    Paul David Nussbaum

Authors
  1. Paul David Nussbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Gerald Goldstein

  2. Lutheran Affiliated Services, Aging Research and Education Center, Mars, Pennsylvania, USA

    Paul David Nussbaum

  3. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Sue R. Beers

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nussbaum, P.D. (1998). Neuropsychological Assessment of the Elderly. In: Goldstein, G., Nussbaum, P.D., Beers, S.R. (eds) Neuropsychology. Human Brain Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1950-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1950-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1952-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1950-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation