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Sonochemistry in Biphasic Systems

  • Chapter
Synthetic Organic Sonochemistry

Abstract

When a Choice is possible, reactions in solution are generally preferred to heterogeneous ones, which are considered to create problems with respect, for example, to rates or reproducibility. In many organic reactions, water is an undesirable contaminant. A kind of revolution occurred when Makosza, Starks, and Brändström discovered the principle of phase transfer catalysis (PTC), by which they demonstrated that not only can the presence of water be tolerated but heterogeneity is no longer a drawback.1 Since these pioneering works, PTC has undoubtedly demonstrated its efficiency and broad applicability.2 Some procedures could be further improved by using solid-supported reagents, sometimes even in the absence of any solvent.3

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Loupy, A., Luche, JL. (1998). Sonochemistry in Biphasic Systems. In: Synthetic Organic Sonochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1910-6_4

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