Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are investing time and money in the development of alternatives to injectable formulations for the systemic delivery of therapeutics. Alternative delivery systems offer enormous market potential and increased patient compliance. The nasal route has proved effective and acceptable for several therapeutics. In fact, several biotechnology nasal products are currently in the U.S. market, including DDAVP (desmopressin acetate, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer), Synarel (narelin acetate, Syntex), Diapid (lypressin, Sandoz), and Syntocinon (oxytocin, Sandoz). Intranasal administration of therapeutics offers many advantages over other routes of administration. Therapeutics administered nasally avoid gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism associated with oral administration. In addition, the high vascularity of the nasal mucosa allows rapid absorption of some compounds. However, bioavailability of nasally administered therapeutics is normally low, making this route acceptable for only a few potent therapeutics.
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Reardon, P.M. (1996). In Vitro Nasal Models. In: Borchardt, R.T., Smith, P.L., Wilson, G. (eds) Models for Assessing Drug Absorption and Metabolism. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1863-5_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1863-5_16
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