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Social Support and Personality in Depression

Implications from Quantitative Genetics

  • Chapter
Sourcebook of Social Support and Personality

Part of the book series: The Springer Series in Social/Clinical Psychology ((SSSC))

Abstract

Depression is a potentially debilitating disorder that affects a large segment of the population. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 2–3% of men and 5–9% of women each year (Kessler et al., 1994b). Over the course of a lifetime as many as 7–12% of men and 20–25% of women in the general population suffer from at least one clinically significant episode of depression (Kessler et al., 1994b). Furthermore, depression is frequently a recurrent disorder that troubles people intermittently throughout their lives. More specifically, it has been estimated that approximately 50% of those who recover from their first episode of depression will suffer from future episodes (Belsher & Costello, 1988), and that depression takes on a chronic course in 25% or more of persons who reach case level (Depue & Monroe, 1986). Beyond the emotional pain and troubling symptomatology that accompanies depression, this disorder is associated with a number of additional negative consequences, including cognitive impairments and biases (Gotlib, Roberts, & Gilboa, 1996), marital distress (Gotlib & Beach, 1995), social rejection (Joiner, Alfano, & Metalsky, 1993), and negative changes in personality functioning (Hirschfield et al., 1983b). Each of these effects can take a significant toll on individuals suffering from depression, as well as on those who have close relationships with them. Furthermore it is possible that these factors also play roles in the etiology and maintenance of depression. Although there is reason to believe that similar psychosocial processes are important in bipolar disorder, they may operate in a substantially different manner in this disorder (Johnson & Roberts, 1995). Consequently, in the current chapter, we focus on unipolar depression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA

    John E. Roberts

  2. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA

    Ian H. Gotlib

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  1. John E. Roberts
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  1. Department of Psychology, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, 13323, USA

    Gregory R. Pierce

  2. Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA

    Brian Lakey

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Irwin G. Sarason  & Barbara R. Sarason  & 

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Roberts, J.E., Gotlib, I.H. (1997). Social Support and Personality in Depression. In: Pierce, G.R., Lakey, B., Sarason, I.G., Sarason, B.R. (eds) Sourcebook of Social Support and Personality. The Springer Series in Social/Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1843-7_9

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