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Neuroanatomy of the Aging Brain Observed in Vivo

A Review of Structural MRI Findings

  • Chapter
Neuroimaging II

Part of the book series: Human Brain Function ((HBFA))

Abstract

There is little doubt that aging is accompanied by significant changes in brain structure. The question is whether the brain ages as a uniform whole or as a system of differentially vulnerable components. As neuropathologists investigating the aged human brain are “often struck by the focal nature of... cortical atrophy” (Katzman & Terry, 1983, p. 35), it seems that brain aging is, at least in its early stages, localized and selective. Cumulative evidence from autopsy studies suggests that in addition to diffuse changes in cerebral structure associated with old age, intensified regional cerebral atrophy is observed in humans and other mammals (see Coleman & Flood, 1987; Flood & Coleman, 1988; and Kemper, 1994, for comprehensive reviews). Postmortem findings indicate that certain brain regions such as the prefrontal, inferior pariet al, and entorhinal cortices, as well as the hippocampal formation, are especially susceptible to aging (Arriagada & Hyman, 1990; Haug, 1985; Mani, Lohr, & Jeste, 1986; Terry, De Teresa, & Hansen, 1987). The results of neuroanatomical studies in nonhuman primates suggest that the visual and motor cortices are virtually unaffected by aging (Vincent, Peters, & Tigges, 1989; Tigges, Herndon, & Peters, 1990), although some human postmortem data reveal age-related atrophy in the macular projection area of the striate cortex (Devaney & Johnson, 1980). In rodents, frontal lobes, amygdala, caudate-putamen complex, entorhinal cortex, and cerebellar hemispheres are also know as atrophy-prone areas (Shimada, Hosokawa, Ohta, Akiguchi, & Takeda, 1994). Selective vulnerability of brain tissue to aging is consistent with the notion of pathoclisis proposed more than 40 years ago by Vogt and Vogt (1951), who argued that some gray matter structures (grisea) exhibited increased susceptibility to pathogens.

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  1. Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA

    Naftali Raz

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    Erin D. Bigler

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Raz, N. (1996). Neuroanatomy of the Aging Brain Observed in Vivo . In: Bigler, E.D. (eds) Neuroimaging II. Human Brain Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1769-0_6

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