Abstract
Incarceration for wrongdoers began in America in the 1820s. The penitentiary was conceived as a means of reforming criminals and was considered by its founders to be less harsh and more humane than traditional corporal punishments such as the stocks, whipping, or the gallows. The intent was to rehabilitate offenders by removing them from all sources of corruption, providing them with a well-disciplined routine, and isolating them from one another so they could become penitent (hence the name) for their misdeeds (Rothman, 1971).
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Anno, B.J. (1997). Health Behavior in Prisons and Correctional Facilities. In: Gochman, D.S. (eds) Handbook of Health Behavior Research III. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1757-7_14
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