Abstract
This chapter deals with the molecular biology of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV) (Myers et al., 1993; see also Fultz, 1994; Chapter 1, this volume). They belong to the lentivirus genus of the Retroviridae family and cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans and monkeys (Coffin, 1992; Gardner et al., 1994). Since their genomes contain many open reading frames (ORFs) and since they evolved complex regulatory pathways, they are also called complex retroviruses [as contrasted with simple retroviruses like murine leukemia virus (MuLV)] (Cullen, 1991; Luciw and Leung, 1992). Most data are presented on HIV-1, which is simply called HIV. However, when necessary, examples from HIV-2 and SIV are included. The chapter starts out with the provirus integrated into the host genome, where the provirus behaves like a regular eukaryotic gene. The chapter follows viral transcription, the creation of new virions, their attachment and entry into CD4+ cells, and concludes with reverse transcription and integration of the provirus into the cellular DNA. Along this journey, structures and functions of viral proteins are highlighted.
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Keywords
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
- Basic Domain
- Viral Transcript
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
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Peterlin, B.M. (1995). Molecular Biology of HIV. In: Levy, J.A. (eds) The Retroviridae. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1721-8_3
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