Abstract
One of the most exciting applications of the new techniques in neuroimaging is the study of how cognitive processes are organized in the normal, functioning brain. Prior to the technological revolution in functional brain imaging, studies of human cognitive psychology on the one hand, and functional neuroanatomy on the other, were largely separate, both by the preferred methodologies used and by the professional backgrounds of scientists. On one side were the cognitive psychologists employing laboratory-based studies of normal volunteers, using paradigms such as reaction time measures in semantic priming, or dichotic and hemiretinal presentations. On the other side were neuropsychologists and neurologists who studied patients with cortical lesions, often in single case reports. The remarkable emergence of cognitive neuroscience, a de facto marriage of two disparate approaches to understanding human cognition, has resulted in an explosion of new scientific opportunities, reflected in a dramatic rise in training programs in cognitive neuroscience, new journals, and many publications. This merging of disciplines is particularly apparent in activation imaging studies using 15O positron emission tomography (PET) and more recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). By measuring the amount of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the brain during performance of a cognitive task in comparison to some control condition, activation PET attempts to isolate cortical regions which are essential to the performance of a cognitive skill. These 15O PET studies have already produced a multitude of experiments which attempt to describe, for the first time, the neuroanatomy underlying cognitive performance in the normal brain. Previously this knowledge was achieved only through studies of neurologically impaired patients.
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Bookheimer, S.Y. (1996). Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Cognition. In: Bigler, E.D. (eds) Neuroimaging I. Human Brain Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1701-0_5
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