Skip to main content

Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse

A Comparison of Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics

  • Chapter
Recent Developments in Alcoholism

Part of the book series: Recent Developments in Alcoholism ((RDIA,volume 10))

Abstract

Increasing numbers of persons presenting for substance abuse treatment are multiple-substance users and their predominant drugs of choice are cocaine and alcohol. There are similarities in the treatment of alcohol and cocaine abuse, but important clinical differences need to be acknowledged. This chapter compares and contrasts the most recent epidemiology and clinical characteristics of both alcohol and cocaine abusers. First, use and abuse trends in the United States for both substances are described. The clinical characteristics of dependence on either substance are contrasted in detail, and finally, treatments are briefly described. Treatment for both disorders can be accomplished in the same setting if important demographic and pharmacological differences are addressed. In either disorder, comorbid psychopathology is frequent and appropriate treatment matching based on diagnosis is imperative.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Vaillant GE: The Natural History of Alcoholism. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gawin FH, Ellinwood EH: Cocaine and other stimulants. N Engl J Med 318:1173–1182, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gawin FH, Kleber HD: Evolving conceptualizations of cocaine dependence. Yale Biol Med 61:123–136, 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kosten TA, Kosten TR: The dependence syndrome concept as applied to alcohol and other substances of abuse, in Galanter, M (ed): Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Combined Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence. New York, Plenum Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Clayton RR: Cocaine use in the United States: in a blizzard or just being snowed, in Adams NJ (ed): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives, NIDA Monograph 61. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rotmsaville BJ: Epidemiology of drug use and abuse in adults, in Cavenar JS (ed): Psychiatry. New York, Basic Books, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Steffans RA, Stinson FS, Freel CG, Clem D: Apparent Per Capita Alcohol Consumption: National, State, and Regional Trends, 1977–1986. Rockville MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  8. US Department of Health and Human Services: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Population Estimates 1990 NIDA Publication # ADM91-1732. Washington, DC, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  9. US Department of Health and Human Services: Seventh Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health, DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)-90-1656. Washington, DC, Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Siegel RK: New patterns of cocaine use: changing doses and routes, in Adams NJ (ed): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives, NIDA Monograph 61. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Regier DA, Boyd JH, Burke JD, et al.: One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:977–986, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Clarren SK, Smith DW: The fetal alcohol syndrome: a review of the world literature. N Engl J Med 298:1063–1067, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Abel EL, Sokol RJ: Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. Drug Alcohol Depend 19:51–70, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Streissguth AR, Martin DC, Martin JC, et al.: The Seattle longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 3:223–233, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Streissguth AR, Barr HM, Sampson PD, et al.: Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 8:717–725, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chasnoff IJ: Alcohol use in pregnancy, in Chasnoff, IJ (ed): Drug Use in Pregnancy: Mother and Child. Norwell, MA, MTP Press, 1986, pp 75–80.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Chasnoff IJ, Griffith DR, MacGregor S, et al.: Temporal patterns of cocaine use in pregnancy. JAMA 261:1741–1744, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Amaro J, Zuckerman B, Cabrai H: Drug use among adolescent mothers: profile of risk. Pediatrics 84:144–151, 1989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Erickson PG, Murray GF: Sex differences in cocaine use and experiences: a double standard revived? Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 15:135–152, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Blume SB: Women and alcohol: a review. JAMA 256:1467–1470, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Griffin ML, Weiss RD, Mirin SM, et al.: A comparison of male and female cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:122–126, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schnoll SH, Karrigan J, Kitchen SB, et al.: Characteristics of cocaine abusers presenting for treatment, in Adams NJ (ed): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives, NIDA Monograph 61. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gawin FH, Kleber HD: Cocaine use in a treatment population: patterns and diagnostic distinctions, in Adams, NJ (ed): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologie and Clinical Perspectives, NIDA Monograph 61. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Washton, AM: Structured outpatient treatment of alcohol vs. drug dependencies, in Galanter M (ed): Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Combined Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence. New York, Plenum Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Liskow BI, Goodwin DW: Pharmacological treatment of alcohol intoxication, withdrawal and dependence: a critical review, J Stud Alcohol 48:356–370, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Brower KJ, Maddahian E, Blow FC, et al.: A comparison of self-reported symptoms and DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine withdrawal. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 14:347–356, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gawin FH, Kleber HD: Abstinence symptomatology and psychiatric diagnosis in chronic cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:107–113, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Begleiter H, Porjesz B: Persistence of a “subacute” withdrawal syndrome following chronic ethanol intake. Drug Alcohol Depend 4:353–357, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Grant I, Reed R, Adams KM: Diagnosis of intermediate-duration and subacute organic mental disorders in abstinent alcoholics. J Clin Psychiatry 48:319–323, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kleber HD, Gawin FH: The physiology of cocaine craving and “crashing.” Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:299–300, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Heizer JE, Pryzbeck TR: The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 49:219–224, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ross HE, Glaser FB, Germanson T: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcohol and other drug problems. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:1023–1031, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hesselbrock MN, Meyer RE, Kenner JJ: Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:1050–1055, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Weiss RD, Mirin SM, Michael JL: Psychopathology in chronic cocaine abusers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 12:17–29, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Weiss RD, Mirin SM, Griffin ML, et al.: Psychopathology in cocaine abusers. J Nerv Ment Dis 176:719–725, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Rounsaville BJ, Foley S, Carroll K, et al.: Psychiatric diagnosis of treatment seeking cocaine abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 8:43–51, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Bunt G, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, et al.: Cocaine/“crack” dependence among psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 147:1542–1546, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Miller NS, Gold MS, Millman RB: The prevalence of alcohol dependence in cocaine dependence in an inpatient population. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1:93–97, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gawin FH, Kleber HD, Byck R, et al.: Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:117–121, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gold MS, Washton AM, Dackis CA: Cocaine abuse: neurochemistry, phenomenology, and treatment, in Adams, NJ (ed): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologie and Clinical Perspectives, NIDA Monograph 61. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kosten TR: Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cocaine abuse: matching patients to treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 77:379–389, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Institute of Medicine: Broadening the Base of Treatment for Alcohol Problems. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Institute of Medicine: Treating Drug Problems. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Washton AM, Gold MS: Cocaine: A Clinician’s Handbook. New York, Guilford Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Washton AM: Cocaine Addiction: Treatment, Recovery, and Relapse Prevention. New York, WW Norton, 1989, p 243.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Closser, M.H., Kosten, T.R. (1992). Alcohol and Cocaine Abuse. In: Galanter, M. (eds) Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1648-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1648-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1650-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1648-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics