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Nonenzymatic Proteins Mediating Intracellular Lipid Transport and Metabolism

Current Status and Emerging Trends

  • Chapter
Book cover Subcellular Biochemistry

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 16))

Abstract

Lipids fascinate cell biologists and biochemists because they can have profound effects on cell function. Encoded in these simple molecules is the ability to form macroscopic, two-dimensional membrane systems spontaneously. In addition to functioning as physical and chemical barriers separating aqueous compartments, membranes are involved in many regulatory processes such as secretion, transport, endocytosis, and signal transduction. The interaction between lipids and proteins is essential to such membrane activities. Broadly speaking, the metabolic turnover of membrane lipids and proteins encompasses synthesis, sorting, and degradation. Lipids serve as one of the major sources of energy, both directly and also potentially when stored in adipose tissues. They also act as thermal insulators in the subcutaneous tissues and around certain organs, and membrane lipids along myelinated nerves serve as electrical insulators, allowing rapid propagation of waves of depolarization. Some lipids act as biological modulators and signal transducers (e.g., pheromones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotriens, steroids, platelet-activating factor, and phosphatidylinositol and derivatives) and as the vehicles for carrying fat-soluble vitamins. Some other lipids, which are particularly enriched when present in certain microorganisms and in the spermatozoa and brain of higher animals, exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities.

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Abbreviations

SCP:

sterol carrier protein

CoA:

coenzyme A

ACTH:

adrenocor-ticotropic hormone

PLTP:

phospholipid transfer protein

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PE:

phos-phatidylethanolamine

PI:

phosphatidylinositol

PS:

phosphatidylserine

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

LTP:

lipid transfer protein

nsLTP:

nonspecific lipid transfer protein

GLTP:

glycolipid transfer protein

FABP:

fatty acid-binding protein

ACBP:

acyl-CoA-binding protein

DBI:

diazepam-binding inhibitor

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

RBP:

retinol-binding protein

CRABP:

cellular retinoic acid-binding protein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Münster, D-4400, Münster, Federal Republic of Germany

    Friedrich Spener

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 700019, India

    Manju Mukherjea

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  1. Friedrich Spener
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  1. RUCA-Laboratory for Human Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, B2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    H. J. Hilderson

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Spener, F., Mukherjea, M. (1990). Nonenzymatic Proteins Mediating Intracellular Lipid Transport and Metabolism. In: Hilderson, H.J. (eds) Subcellular Biochemistry. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1621-1_1

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