Abstract
Coal is a complex organic substance in which aromatic and heteroaromatic rings with hydroxyl and alkyl groups are connected through the bonds such as methylene and ether, and naphthene rings. Coal has a wide range of chemical compositions and properties, and ASTM classification widely used defines anthracite, low, medium, and high-volatile bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, according to their heating value, volatile matter and fixed carbon content. The carbon% of coal, expressed as dry and mineral matter free basis, is in the range of about 65–95% and increases with coal rank, i.e., from lignite to anthracite, with the accompanying decrease of oxygen and hydrogen %. Coal also generally includes a small percentage of minerals that can be removed by acid washing.
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Iino, M., Takanohashi, T. (1998). Molecular and Colloidal Structure of Coal Asphaltenes and Other Heavy Solvent Soluble Components. In: Mullins, O.C., Sheu, E.Y. (eds) Structures and Dynamics of Asphaltenes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1615-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1615-0_6
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