Skip to main content

Scanning Electron Microscopy

  • Chapter
Microanalysis of Solids

Abstract

Since the appearance of the first commercial scanning electron microscope (SEM) three decades ago, major advances were achieved in resolution, new electron probe sources, the development of additional modes, and computerization (including built-in image store capabilities in the current generation of instruments). These advances were accompanied by an increasing number of applications in a wide variety of fields, and the SEM became an indispensable tool in various fields of research providing a wealth of information on physical, structural, and compositional properties of a wide range of materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography: Books on Scanning Electron Microscopy

  • Ehrenberg, W., and Gibbons, D. J. (1981). Electron Bombardment Induced Conductivity, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. I., and Yakowitz, H. (eds.) (1975). Practical Scanning Electron Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. I., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., Joy, D. C., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E. (1981). Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, K. F. J. (1981). Electron Beam X-ray Microanalysis, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, D. B., and Joy, D. C. (1989). SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, D. B., Muir, M. D., Grant, P. R., and Boswarva, I. M. (eds.) (1974). Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joy, D. C., Romig, A. D., and Goldstein, J I (eds.) (1986). Principles of Analytical Electron Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbury, D. E., Joy, D. C., Echlin, P., Fiori, C. E., and Goldstein, J. I. (1986). Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oatley, C. W. (1972). Scanning Electron Microscopy. I. The Instrument, Cambridge University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, L. (1985). Scanning Electron Microscopy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, P. R. (1968). Scanning Electron Microscopy-Application to Materials and Device Science, Chapman amp; Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, O. C. (1974). Scanning Electron Microscopy, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yacobi, B. G., and Holt, D. B. (1990). Cathodoluminescence Microscopy of Inorganic Solids, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

References

  • Balk, L. J. (1988). Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 71, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balk, L. J. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bimberg, D., Christen, J., Steckenborn, A., Weimann, G., and Schlapp, W. (1985). J. Lumin. 30, 562.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandis, E., and Rosencwaig, A. (1980). Appl. Phys. Lett. 37, 98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breitenstein, O., and Heydenreich, J. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cargill, G. S. (1980). Nature 286, 691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalcoli, D., Cavallini, A., and Castaldini, A. (1991). J. Appl. Phys. 70, 2163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danilatos, G. D. (1988). Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 71, 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danilatos, G. D. (1990). Scanning 12, 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, S. M. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, S. M., Innes, R. M., and Lindsay, S. M. (1982). Solid State Electron. 25, 261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dingley, D. J. (1981). In Scanning Electron Microscopy 1981/IV (0. Johari, ed.), SEM Inc., Chicago, p. 273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dingley, D. J., and Steeds, J. W. (1974). In Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (D. B. Holt, M. D. Muir, P. R. Grant, and I. M. Boswarva, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donolato, C. (1978). Optik 52, 19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donolato, C. (1982). Solid State Electron. 25, Stuttgart 1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donolato, C. (1983). Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donolato, C., and Kittler, M. (1988). J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1569.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everhart, T. E., and Hoff, P. H. (1971). J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5837.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franchi, S., Merli, P. G., Migliori, A., Ogura, K., and Ono, A. (1990). In Proc. XIIth Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press, San Francisco, p. 380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. I., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., Joy, D. C., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E. (1981). Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heydenreich, J., and Breitenstein, O. (1986). J. Microsc. 141, 129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoenk, M. E., and Vahala, K. J. (1989). Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, D. B. (1981). In Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, IOP, Bristol, p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, D. B. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, D. B., and Lesniak, M. (1985). In Scanning Electron Microscopy 1985/I (O. Johari, ed.), SEM Inc., Chicago, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakubowicz, A. (1986). J. Appl. Phys. 59, 2205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakubowicz, A., Bode, M., and Habermeier, H. U. (1987). In Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, IOP, Bristol, p. 763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joy, D. C. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joy, D. C., Newbury, D. E., and Davidson, D. L. (1982). J. Appl. Phys. 53, R81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanaya, K., and Okayama, S. (1972). J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 5, 43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kittler, M., Seifert, W., Schroder, K.-W., and Susi, E. (1985). Cryst. Res. Technol. 20, 1435.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, C. A. (1968). J. Appl. Phys. 39, 2029.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leamy, H. J. (1982). J. Appl. Phys. 53, R51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebens, J. A., Tsai, C. S., Vahala, K. J., and Kuech, T. F. (1990). Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 2642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newbury, D. E. (1989). In SEM Microcharacterization of Semiconductors (D. B. Holt and D. C. Joy, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbury, D. E., Joy, D. C., Echlin, P., Fiori, C. E., and Goldstein, J. I. (1986). Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oelgart, G., Fiddicke, J., and Reulke, R. (1981). Phys. Status Solidi A 66, 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogura, K., Ono, A., Franchi, S., Merli, P. G., and Migliori, A. (1990). In Proc. XIIth Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy, San Francisco Press, San Francisco, p. 404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, S. J. (1989). Ultramicroscopy 30, 58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, S. J., and Jesson, D. E. (1991). Ultramicroscopy 37, 14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, S. J., Craven, A. J., and Brown, L. M. (1977). In Developments in Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 36, London, p. 69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petroff, P. M. (1987). In Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 87, Bristol, p. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petroff, P. M., and Lang, D. V. (1977). Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petroff, P. M., Lang, D. V., Strudel, J. L., and Logan, R. A. (1978). In Scanning Electron Microscopy 1978/I (0. Johari, ed.), SEM Inc., Chicago, p. 325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, D. T. (1988). Phys. Scr. 38, 291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puhlmann, N., Oelgart, G., Gottschalch, V., and Nemitz, R. (1991). Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6, 181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosencwaig, A. (1982). Science 218, 223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schick, J. D. (1981). In Scanning Electron Microscopy 1981/1(0. Johari, ed.), SEM Inc., Chicago, p. 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, R., Ikuta, T., Everhart, T. E., and DeVore, W. J. (1975). J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1581.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steeds, J. W. (1989). Rev. Phys. Appl. 24, C6–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steyn, J. B., Giles, P., and Holt, D. B. (1976). J. Microsc. (Oxford) 107, 107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trigg, A. D. (1985). In Scanning Electron Microscopy 1985/III (O. Johan, ed.), SEM Inc., Chicago, p. 1011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, C. A. (1987). Scanning Microsc. 1, 51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, C. A. (1991). J. Phys. IV (Suppl. J. Phys. III) 1, C6–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittry, D. B., and Kyser, D. F. (1967). J. Appl. Phys. 38, 375.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C. J., and Wittry, D. B. (1978). J. Appl. Phys. 49, 2827.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yacobi, B. G., and Holt, D. B. (1986). J. Appl. Phys. 59, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yacobi, B. G., and Holt, D. B. (1990). Cathodoluminescence Microscopy of Inorganic Solids, Plenum Press, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yacobi, B. G., Zemon, S., Jagannath, C., and Sheldon, P. (1989). J. Cryst. Growth 95, 240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yacobi, B.G., Holt, D.B. (1994). Scanning Electron Microscopy. In: Yacobi, B.G., Holt, D.B., Kazmerski, L.L. (eds) Microanalysis of Solids. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1492-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1492-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1494-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1492-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics