Abstract
Sensors and microsystems are likely to become a major application for integrated optic technologies, second only to communications applications. As compared with the latter, this field covers much more diverse needs and it may involve mass production of consumer goods. Despite their great potential, and although a large number of devices have been studied and tested, only a few of them have led to commercially available products. Actually, except for very specific cases, integrated optic sensors have to compete with well developed and qualified non-optical (e.g. microelectronic) devices. Thus, novel optical systems have to meet very high standards in terms of cost-to-performance ratio and reliability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A.J. Rogers, Optical-fiber sensors, in: Sensors — a Comprehensive Survey, W. Göpel, J. Hesse and J.N. Zemel, ed., vol.6: Optical Sensors, E.Wagner, R. Dändliker and K. Spenner, ed., p. 355, VCH, Weinheim (1992).
A. Brandenburg, V. Hinkov and W. Konz, Integrated optic sensors, in: Sensors — a Comprehensive Survey, W. Göpel, J. Hesse and J.N. Zemel, ed., vol.6: Optical Sensors, E.Wagner, R. Dändliker and K. Spenner, ed., p. 399, VCH, Weinheim (1992).
O. Parriaux, Integrated optics sensors, in: Advances in Integrated Optics, S. Martellucci, A.N. Chester and M. Bertolotti, ed., p. 227, Plenum Press, New York (1994).
W. Lukosz, Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors, Sens. Actuators B 29:37 (1995).
S.-W. Kang, K. Sasaki and H. Minamitami, Sensitivity analysis of a thin-film optical waveguide biochemical sensor using evanescent field absorption, Applied Optics 32:3544 (1993).
W. Lukosz and K. Tiefenthaler, Sensitivity of integrated optical grating and prism couplers as (bio)chemical sensors, Sens. Actuators 15:273 (1988).
R. Reuter and H. Franke, Monitoring humidity by polymide lightguides, Appl. Phys. Lett 52:778 (1988).
H. Franke, D. Wagner, T. Kleckers, R. Reuter, H.V. Rohitkumar and B.A. Blech, Measuring humidity with planar polyimide light guides, Appl Opt. 32:2927 (1993).
Y. Zhou, J.V. Magill, M.R. De La Rue, P.J.R. Laybourn and W. Cushlay, Evanescent fluorescence immunoassays performed with a disposable ion-exchanged patterned waveguide, Sens. Actuators B 11:245(1993).
D. Clerc and W. Lukosz, Integrated optical output grating coupler as refractometer and (bio-) chemical sensor, Sens. Actuators B 11:461 (1993).
K. Fischer, D. Zurhelle, R. Hoffmann, F. Wasse and J. Muller, Fully integrated optical force and pressure sensor based on SiON layers, in: Proc. of ECIO 93, P. Roth, ed., p. 12–7, CSEM, Neuchâtel, CH, April 18–22 (1993).
S. Ura, M. Shinouara, T. Suhara and H. Nishihara, Integrated-optic grating-scale-displacement sensor using linearly focusing grating couplers, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2:239 (1994).
T. Suhara, T. Taniguchi, M. Umegaki, H. Nishihara, T. Hirata, S. Iio and M. Suehiro, Monolithic integrated-optic position/displacement sensor using waveguide gratings and QW-DFB laser, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10:1195 (1995).
C.H. Bulmer, Sensitive, highly linear lithium niobate interferometers for electromagnetic field sensing, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53:2368 (1988).
S. Cucurachi, A. D’Orazio, M. De Sario, V. Petruzzelli and F. Prudenzano, Design of a Ti:LiNbO3 sensor for the simultaneous measurement of stress and temperature, in: SPIE, Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, Vol.2101, p. 340 (1993).
A. D’Alessandro, M. De Sario, A. D’Orazio and V. Petruzzelli, Design criteria of an integrated optics microdisplacement sensor, in: SPIE, Optical Testing and Metrology, Vol. 1332, p.554 (1990).
J. Bauer, E. Dammann and E. Fritsch, Integrated optical 3-beam interferometer for distance measurements, in: Proc. of ECIO 93, P. Roth, ed., p. 12–25, CSEM, Neuchâtel, CH, April 18–22 (1993).
E. Frlan, J.S. Wight, S. Janz, H. Dai, F. Chatenoud, M. Buchanan and R. Normandin, High resolution surface-emitting spectrometer and deformation sensors with nonlinear waveguides, Optics Letters 19:1657(1994).
P.K. Tien, R. Ulrich and R.J. Martin, Optical second harmonic generation in form of coherent Cerenkov radiation from a thin film waveguide, Appl. Phys. Lett. 17:447 (1970).
N.A. Sanford and W.C. Robinson, Direct measurement of effective indices of guided modes in LiNb03 waveguides using the Cerenkov second harmonic, Opt. Lett. 12:445 (1987).
M.J. Li, M. De Micheli, Q. He and D.B. Ostrowsky, Cerenkov configuration second harmonic generation in proton-exchanged lithium niobate guides, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. 36:1384 (1990).
M.P. De Micheli, Second harmonic generation in Cerenkov configuration, in: Guided Wave Nonlinear Optics, D.B Ostrowsky and R. Reinisch, ed., NATO-ASI Series, p. 147, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston-London (1992).
R.Ramponi, V.Russo, V.Magni, L.Palchetti, R.Osellame, M.Zavelani-Rossi, Waveguides in Ti:LiNbO3 for second harmonic generation: design and experimental tests, in: SPIE vol. 2954 (1996) in press.
S. Fouchet, A. Carenco, C. Daguet, R. Guglielmi and L. Rivière, Wavelength dispersion of Ti induced refractive index change in LiNb03 as a function of diffusion parameters, J. Lightwave Technol., LT-5:700(1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramponi, R. (1997). Waveguides in LiNbO3 for Optical Sensors: Characterisation by Cerenkov Effect. In: Martellucci, S., Chester, A.N. (eds) Diffractive Optics and Optical Microsystems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1476-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1474-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive