Abstract
Monomode and multimode optical fibers are characterized by an intrinsic numerical aperture. Consequently, when designing fiber optic probes for sensing applications, some optics must be used to convert the fibers’ divergent beam into a collimated one, in order to minimize insertion losses. The radially-graded refractive-index (GRIN) rod-lenses are particularly suitable for use in fiber optic sensors. In fact, the cylindrical shape of the GRIN lens, similar to the fiber shape, makes possible a compact, stable and rugged fiber-to-GRIN connection. GRIN-rod lenses have planar input and output faces, enabling the fiber to be glued directly onto the lens without optical paths in air, thus reducing cross-talk effects and pollution problems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E.W. Marchand, Gradient Index Optics, 1978, Academic Press, New York
K. Iga, Theory for graded-index imaging, Appl. Opt. 19:1039 (1980).
A. Sharma, D.V. Kumar, and A.K. Ghatak, Tracing rays through graded-index media: a new method, Appl Opt. 21:984 (1982).
A. Sharma, Computing optical path length in gradient-index media: a fast and accurate method, Appl. Opt. 24:4367 (1985).
C. Gómez-Reino, E. Larrea, M.V. Pérez, and J.M. Cuadrado, Imaging, transforming, and modal propagation parabolic gradient-index rod, Appl. Opt. 24:4379 (1985).
J.R. Flores, C. Gómez-Reino, E. Acosta, and J. Linares, Geometrical optics of gradient index lenses, Opt. Eng. 28:1173(1989).
Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd., Fiber Optics Division, Sumitomo Fudosan Shiba Bldg., 1–11–11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan.
Nippon Electric Glass Co. Ltd., Miyahara 4-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan.
B. Culshaw, and J. Dakin Eds., Optical Fiber Sensors — vol. 1: Principles and Components — vol 2: Systems and Applications , 1988, Artech House Pbl
See Ref. 9, volume 2, chapter 17 Physical and Chemical Sensors for Process Control, pp. 653–699.
S.D. Cusworth, J.M. Senior, A reflective optical sensing technique employing a GRIN rod lens, J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 20:102 (1987).
P.J. Murphy, and T.P. Coursolle, Fiber optic displacement sensor employing a graded index lens, Appl. Opt. 29:544 (1990).
M. Brenci, G. Conforti, A. Mencaglia, A.G. Mignani, and A.M. Scheggi, Fibre-optic position sensor array, Int. J. Optoelectr. 3:473 (1988).
G. Conforti, M. Brenci, A. Mencaglia, and A.G. Mignani, Fiber optic vibration sensor for remote monitoring in high power electric machines, Appl. Opt. 28:5158 (1989).
M. Brenci, A. Mencaglia, and A.G. Mignani, Fiber-optic sensor for simultaneous and independent measurement of vibration and temperature in electric generators, Appl. Opt. 30:2947 (1991).
B. Chu, Laser Light Scattering, 1991, Academic Press, New York.
M. Brenci, D. Guzzi, A. Mencaglia, A.G. Mignani, and M. Pieraccini, Quasi-monodisperse particulate characterization with optical fibers and a three-wavelength scattering technique, Sens. Act. B 29:115 (1995).
M. Brenci, D. Guzzi, A. Mencaglia, A.G. Mignani, and M. Pieraccini, An optical-fiber sensor for the measurement of the size and density of monodisperse particulates, Sens. Act. A 48:23 (1995).
M. Brenci, D. Guzzi, A. Mencaglia, and A.G. Mignani, Fibre-optic smoke sensor, Sens. Act. B 7:780 (1992).
A.J. Macfayden, and B.R. Jennings, Fibre-optic systems for dynamic light scattering-a review, Opt. Las. Tech. 22:175 (1990).
H.S. Dhadwal, and R.R. Ansari, Multiple fiber optic probe for several sensing applications, SPIE Proc. Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors IX, 1584:262 (1991).
M. Brenci, A. Mencaglia, A.G. Mignani, and M. Pieraccini, “A circular-array optical fiber probe for backscattering photon correlation spectroscopy measurements”, Appl. Opt. 35 :6775 (1996).
D.A. Landis, C.J. Seliskar, and W.R. Heineman, Fiber-optic-graded-indes-lens absorbance sensor with wavelength-scanning capability, Appl. Opt. 33:3432 (1994).
G. Conforti and M. Brenci, Power loss in optical-fiber graded-index-rod components, Opt. Lett.13:59 (1988).
G. Conforti, M. Brenci, A. Mencaglia, and A.G. Mignani, Fiber-optic thermometric probe utilizing GRIN lenses, Appl. Opt. 28:577 (1989).
A.G. Mignani, M. Brenci, and G. Conforti, Nearly autofocusing cavity for fiberoptic sensor probes, SPIE Proc. Micro-optics, 1014:42 (1988).
S.O. Ryding, Environmental Management Handbook, 1992, IOS Press.
C.P. Straub, Practical Handbook of Environmental Control, 1990, CRC Press.
D.E. Cooper, and R.U. Martinelli, Near-infrared diode lasers monitor molecular species’, Laser Focus World 28:133(1992).
R.U. Martinelli, R.J. Menna, D.E. Cooper, C.B. Carlisle, and H. Riris, Near-infrared InGaAs/InP distributed-feedback lasers for spectroscopic applications, SPIE Proc. Laser Diode Technology and Applications VI, 2148:292 (1994).
D.A. Landis, and C.J. Seliskar, Fiber-optic/GRIN lens coules for use in chemical spectroscopy, Appl. Spectr. 49:547 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mignani, A.G., Mencaglia, A., Brenci, M., Scheggi, A. (1997). Radially Gradient-Index Lenses: Applications to Fiber Optic Sensors. In: Martellucci, S., Chester, A.N. (eds) Diffractive Optics and Optical Microsystems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1476-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1474-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive