Primary Batteries

Abstract

Many different sizes and shapes of batteries are available in each of the different categories of battery systems. We are not concerned with these differences. Rather, we focus attention on the substances contained in the batteries and their properties. Most of the materials used in batteries are innocuous, but some are toxic and/or corrosive and may cause harm if released to the environment. It is desirable that users know what the batteries contain and that they have some information on the hazards to which they may be exposed if the contents of a battery should escape, why the contents may escape, and how accidents may be prevented (see Parts II and V). Based on such knowledge, they may take steps to avoid accidents, if possible, and to protect themselves from injuries if accidents should occur. It is reasonable to assume that the severity of any hazard is likely to increase as the amounts of hazardous materials present in a battery and ejected from a battery increase, and it is desirable, therefore, to know how much of such materials may be present in a battery. We give a rule of thumb to estimate the approximate amounts of active materials that may be present in batteries based on their capacity.