Abstract
As noted in Chapter 4, mathematical models are useful for understanding the mechanism of the chemical reaction and deposition process; the relative importance of various process parameters such as the laser irradiance, speed of the substrate with respect to the laser beam, laser pulselength, and wavelength; to analyze the LCVD experimental data; and to design and control the LCVD system in an optimum way. The mathematical modeling of photolytic LCVD differs from pyrolytic LCVD modeling in that the former involves photochemical reactions, whereas, the latter relies on the thermal decomposition of the reactant molecules. However, the transport mechanisms for the distribution of various species inside the deposition chamber are similar in the pyrolytic and photolytic processes and, for this reason, the transport equations are identical for the two processes. The source term, which represents the rate of production of the film material, is different for these two processes because it involves the Arrhenius rate expression and the laser intensity (or photon flux) for the pyrolytic and photolytic LCVD processes, respectively.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bellman, R., Kalaba, R. E., and Lockett, J. A. (1966), Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform: Applications to Biology, Economics, Engineering, and Physics, American Elsevier, New York.
Bilenchi, R., Gianinoni, I., Musci, M. (1982), J. Appl. Phys. 53, 6479.
Bird, G. A. (1976), Molecular Gas Dynamics, Clarendon, Oxford.
Bird, R. B., Stewart, W. E., and Lightfoot, E. N. (1960), Transport Phenomena, Wiley, New York.
Baunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., and Teller, E. (1938), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309.
Byrd, P. F., and Friedman, M. D. (1954), Handbook of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Physicists, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 9, 176, 297.
Carnahan, B., Luther, H. A., and Wilkes, J. O. (1969), Applied Numerical Methods, Wiley, New York, pp. 69, 342, 433.
Carslaw, H. S., and Jaeger, J. C. (1959), Conduction of Heat in Solids, 2nd Ed., Clarendon, Oxford, p. 494.
Chandrasekhar, S. (1943), Stochastic Problems in Physics and Astronomy, Rev. Mod. Phys. 15, 1–89.
Chen, C. J. (1987), Kinetic Theory of Laser Photochemical Deposition, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5, 3386.
Chen, C. J., and Osgood Jr., R. M. (1983), Chem. Phys. Lett. 98, 363.
Coronell, D. G., and Jensen, K. F. (1992), Analysis of Transition Regime Flows in Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactors using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, 2264.
Duncan, M. A., Dietz, T. G., and Smalley, R. E. (1979), Efficient Multiphoton Ionization of Metal Carbonyls Cooled in a Pulsed Supersonic Beam, Chem Phys. 44, 415.
Ehrlich, D. J., Osgood, R. M., and Deutsch, T. F. (1980), IEEEJ. Quant. Electron. QE-16, 1233.
Ehrlich, D. J., and Osgood, R. M. (1981), Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 381.
Ehrlich, D. J., and Tsao, J. Y. (1983), A Review of Laser Microchemical Processing, J. Vac. Sci. Technol B1, 969.
Fisanick, G. J., Gedanken, A., Eichelberger, IV, T. S., Kuebler, N. A., and Robin, M. B. (1981), Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of Organometallics: The Cr(CO)6, Cr(CO)3C6H6, Cr(C6H6)2 Series, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 5215.
Flint, J. H., Meunier, M., Adler, D., and Haggerty, J. S. (1984), a-Si: H Films Produced from Laser-Heated Gases: Process Characteristics and Film Properties, in: Laser-Assisted Deposition, Etching, and Doping, SPIE Proc. Vol. 459, S. D. Allen, ed., SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, Washington, pp. 66–70.
Foord, J. S., and Jackson, J. B. (1986), Surf. Sci. 171, 197.
Freeman, D. L., and Doll, J. D. (1983), J. Chem. Phys. 78, 6002.
Fuchs, C., Boch, E., Fogarassy, E., Aka, B., and Siffert, P. (1988), Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section for Silane under Pulsed ArF (193 nm) Excimer Laser Irradiation, in: Laser and Particle Beam Chemical Processing for Microelectronics, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc, Vol. 101, Ehrlich, D. J., Higashi, G. S., and Oprysko, M. M., eds., Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, pp. 361–365.
Gattuso, T. R., Meunier, M., Adler, D., and Haggerty, J. S. (1983), IR Laser-Induced Deposition of Silicon Thin Films, in: Laser Diagnostics and Photochemical Processing for Semiconductor Devices, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 17, Osgood, R. M., Brueck, S. R. J., and Schlossberg, H. R., eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 215–222.
Gerrity, D. P., Rothberg, L. J., and Vaida, V. (1980), Multiphoton Ionization of Metal Atoms Produced in the Photodissociation of Group VI Hexacarbonyls, Chem. Phys. Lett. 74, 1.
Gradshteyn, I. S., and Ryzhik, I. M. (1980), Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, Academic, New York, 66.
Guest, P. G. (1961), The Solid Angle Subtended by a Cylinder, Rev. Sci. Instr. 32, 164.
Ho, W. (1988), Comments, Cond. Mat. Phys. 13, 293.
Kar, A., and Mazumder, J. (1988), One-Dimensional Finite-Medium Diffusion Model for Extended Solid Solution in Laser Cladding of Hf on Nickel, Acta. Metal. 36, 701.
Karny, Z., Naaman, R., and Zare, R. N. (1978), Production of Excited Metal Atoms by UV Multiphoton Dissociation of Metal Alkyl and Metal Carbonyl Compounds, Chem. Phys. Lett. 59, 33.
Kato, S., and Takeuchi, K. (1992), Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation by an Unfocussed Beam in an Optically Thick Medium: An Analytical Method for Reaction Yields, Appl. Opt. 31, 2825.
Krchnavek, R. K., Gilgen, H. H., and Chen, J. C., Shaw, P. S., Lieata, T. J., and Osgood, Jr., R. M. (1987), J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B5, 20.
Lyman, J. L., Quigley, G. P., and Judd, O. P. (1986), Single-Infrared-Frequency Studies of Multiple-Photon Excitation and Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules, in: Multiple-Photon Excitation and Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules, Cantrell, C. D., ed., Vol. 35 of Topics in Current Physics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 9–94.
Masket, A. V. (1957), Solid Angle Contour Integrals, Series, and Tables, Rev. Sci. Instr. 28, 191.
Mayer, J. E., and Mayer, M. G. (1940), Statistical Mechanics, Wiley, New York.
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., and Teller, E. (1953), Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1087.
Meunier, M., Gattuso, T. R., Adler, D., Haggerty, J. S. (1983), Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 273.
Morgan, K. Z., and Emerson, L. C. (1967), Dose from Extended Sources of Radiation, in: Principles of Radiation Protection: A Textbook of Health Physics, Morgan, K. G., and Turner, J. E., eds., Wiley, New York, pp., 268–300.
özisik, M. N., and Murray, R. L. (1974), On the Solution of Linear Diffusion Problems with Variable Boundary Parameters, ASME J. Heat Transfer, 96C, 48.
Roach, G. F. (1982), Green’s Functions, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, London.
Rockwell, III, T., ed. (1956), Reactor Shielding Design Manual, Van Nostrand, New York, pp. 400–404.
Siegel, R., and Howell, J. R. (1981), Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Sneddon, I. N. (1972), The Use of Integral Transforms, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Tsao, J. Y., and Ehrlich, J. (1984a), Recent Advances in UV Laser Photodeposition, in: Laser-Controlled Chemical Processing of Surfaces, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 29, Johnson, A. W., Ehrlich, D. J., and Schlossberg, H. R., eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 115–126.
Tsao, J. Y., and Ehrlich, D. J. (1984b), Surface and Gas Processes in Photodeposition in Small Zones, in: Laser-Assisted Deposition, Etching, and Doping, SPIE Proc. Vol. 459, S. D. Allen, ed., SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, Washington, pp. 2–8.
Tsao, J. Y., Zeiger, H. J., and Ehrlich, D. J. (1985), Measurement of Surface Diffusion by Laser-Beam-Localized Surface Photochemistry, Surf. Sci. 160, 419.
West, G. A., and Gupta, A. (1984), Laser-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Nitride Films, in: Laser-Controlled Chemical Processing of Surfaces, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 29, Johnson, A. W., Ehrlich, D. J., and Schlossberg, H. R., eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 61–66.
Wood, T. H., White, J. C., and Thacker, B. A. (1983a), Ultraviolet Photodecomposition for Metal Deposition: Gas Versus Surface Phase Processes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 42, 408.
Wood, T. H., White, J. C., and Thacker, B. A. (1983b), UV Photodecomposition for Metal Deposition: Gas vs. Surface Phase Processes, in: Laser Diagnostics and Photochemical Processing for Semiconductor Devices, Materials Research Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 17, Osgood, R. M., Brueck, S. R. J., and Schlossberg, H. R., eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 35–41.
Yardley, J. T., Gitlin, B., Nathanson, G., and Rosan, A. M. (1981), Fragmentation and Molecular Dynamics in the Laser Photodissociation of Iron Pentacarbonyl, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 370.
Yener, Y., and özisik, M. N. (1974), On the Solution of Unsteady Conduction in Multiregion Finite Media with Time Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient, Proc. 5th International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. I, American Institute Chemical Engineers, New York, pp. 188–192.
Young, D. M., and Crowell, A. D. (1962), Physical Adsorption of Gases, Butterworth, London.
Zeiger, H. J., Tsao, J. Y., and Ehrlich, D. J. (1985), Technique for Measuring Surface Diffusion by Laser-Beam-Localized Surface Photochemistry, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B3, 1436.
Zeiger, H. J., and Ehrlich, D. J. (1989), Lateral Confinement of Microchemical Surface Reactions: Effects on Mass Diffusion and Kinetics, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B7, 466.
Zeiger, H. J., Ehrlich, D. J., and Tsao, J. Y. (1989), Transport and Kinetics, in: Laser Microfabrication: Thin Film Processes and Lithography, Ehrlich, D. J., and Tsao, J. Y., eds., Academic, New York, pp. 285–330.
Zeiri, Y., Atzmony, U., and Bloch, J. (1991), Monte Carlo Simulation of Laser Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 4110.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mazumder, J., Kar, A. (1995). Photolytic LCVD Modeling. In: Theory and Application of Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition. Lasers, Photonics, and Electro-Optics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1430-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1430-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1432-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1430-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive