Abstract
The history, toxicological effects, world-wide natural occurrence and impact of the fumonisins, food-borne carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, are reviewed from the original description of the fungus in 1881 to the present. Following the isolation and characterization of fumonisin B1 and B2 and the publication of the first 3 papers on fumonisins by South African researchers in 1988, the interest in these compounds increased dramatically during 1989 and 1990 because of numerous outbreaks of mycotoxicoses in animals associated with the 1989 corn crop in the USA. Major advances made during this period were published in approximately 49 papers from 1988 to 1991. During the period 1992 to 1994, there was an explosion in the literature on fumonisins and at least 212 papers were published. The information contained in the more than 260 papers on fumonisins published to date is reviewed with respect to toxicological effects, association with animal and human diseases, and world-wide natural occurrence in corn and corn-based feeds and foods. Impact of the fumonisins is addressed with respect to their implications for human and animal health, risk assessment and establishment of tolerance levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbas, H.K.; Boyette, C.D.; Hoagland, F.E.; Vesonder, R.F. Bioherbicidal potential of Fusarium moniliforme and its phytotoxin, fumonisin. Weed Sci. 1991, 39, 673–677.
Abbas, H.K.; Boyette, C.D. Phytotoxicity of Fumonisin B1 on weed and crop species. Weed Technol. 1992a, 6, 548–552.
Abbas, H.K.; Paul R.N.; Boyette, C.D.; Duke, S.O.; Vesonder, R.F. Physiological and ultrastructural effects of fumonisin on jimsonweed leaves. Can. J. Bot. 1992b, 70, 1824–1833.
Abbas, H.K.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Cawood, M.E.; Shier, W.T. Biological activities of fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme, in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and mammalian cell cultures. Toxicon 1993, 31, 345–353.
Bezuidenhout, S.C.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Gorst-Allman, C.P.; Horak, R.M.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Spiteller, G.; Vleggaar, R. Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1988, 743-745.
Binkerd, K.A.; Scott, D.M.; Everson, R.J.; Sullivan, J.H.; Robinson, F.R.; Fumonisin contamination of the 1991 Indiana corn crop and its effects on horses. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1993, 5, 653–655.
Butler, T. Notes on a feeding experiment to produce leucoencephalitis in a horse with positive results. Amer. Vet. Rev. 1902, 26, 748–751.
Caramelli, M.; Dondo, A.; Cantini Cortellazzi G.; Visconti, A.; Minervini, F.; Doko, M.B.; Guarda, F. Leucoencefalomalacia nell’equino da fumonisine: prima segnalazione in Italia. Ippologia 1993, 4, 49–56.
Cawood, M.E.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Vleggaar, R.; Behrend, Y.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O. Isolation of the fumonisin mycotoxins-a quantitative approach. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 1958–1962.
Cawood, M.E.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Alberts, J.F.; Snyman, SD. Interaction of 14C-labelled fumonisin B mycotoxins with primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1994, 32, 627–632.
Chamberlain, W.J.; Bacon, C.W.; Norred, W.P.; Voss, K.A. Levels of fumonisin B1 in corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1993, 31, 995–998.
Chatterjee, D.; Mukherjee, S.K. Contamination of Indian maize with fumonisin B1, and its effects on chicken macrophage. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1994, 18, 251–253.
Chelkowski, J.; Lew, H. Fusarium species of Liseola Section-occurrence in cereals and ability to produce fumonisins. Microbiol. Alim. Nutr. 1992, 10, 49–53.
Chu, F.S.; Li, G.Y. Simultaneous occurrence of fumonisin B1 and other mycotoxins in moldy corn collected from the People’s Republic of China in regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994, 60, 847–852.
Colvin, B.M.; Harrison, L.R. Fumonisin-induced pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine. Mycopathologia 1992, 117, 79–82.
Doko, M.B.; Visconti, A. Fumonisin contamination of maize and maize-based foods in Italy. In Occurrence and Significance of Mycotoxins; Scudamore, K.A., Ed.; Central Sci. Lab.: Slough, UK, 1993; pp 49–55.
Doko, M.B.; Visconti, A. Occurrence of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn and corn-based human foodstuffs in Italy. Food Addit. Contam. 1994, 11, 433–439.
Dombrink-Kurtzman, M.A.; Bennett, G.A.; Richard, J.L. An optimized MTT bioassay for determination of cytotoxicity of fumonisins in turkey lymphocytes. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 1994, 77, 512–516.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Snyman, S.D. Mutagenicity of potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Mycotoxin Res. 1991, 7, 46–52.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Jaskiewicz, K.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Horak, R.M.; Vleggaar, R.; Kriek, N.P.J. Fumonisins-novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1988a, 54, 1806–1811.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Jaskiewicz, K.; Combrinck, S.; Van Schalkwyk, D.J. Cancer promoting potential of different strains of Fusarium moniliforme in a short-term cancer initiation /promotion assay. Carcinogenesis 1988b, 9, 1405–1409.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Kriek, N.P.J.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B1 in rats. Carcinogenesis 1991, 12, 1247–1251.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Vleggaar, R.; Cawood, M.E. Fumonisins: Isolation, chemical characterization and biological effects. Mycopathologia 1992a, 117, 11–16.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Semple, E.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Farber, E. The cancer-initiating potential of the fumonisin B mycotoxins. Carcinogenesis 1992b, 13, 433–437.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Cawood, M.E.; Snyman, D.; Vleggaar, R.; Marasas, W.F.O. Structure-activity relationships of fumonisins in short-term carcinogenesis and cytotoxicity assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1993, 31, 407–414.
Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Cawood, M.E.; Snyman, S.D.; Marasas, W.F.O. Fumonisin B1 dosimetry in relation to cancer initiation in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 1994, 15, 209–214.
Gilchrist, D.G.; Ward, B.; Moussato, V.; Mirocha, C.J. Genetic and physiologic response to fumonisin and AAL-toxin by intact tissue of a higher plant. Mycopathologica 1992, 117, 57–64.
Grimes, J.L.; Eleazer, T.H.; Hill, J.E. Paralysis of undetermined origin in bobwhite quail. Avian. Dis. 1993, 37, 582–584.
Harel, R.; Futerman, A.H. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis affects axonal outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 14476–14481.
Harrison, L.R.; Colvin, B.M.; Greene, J.T.; Newman, L.E.; Cole, J.R. Pulmonary edema and hydrothorax in swine produced by fumonisin B1 a toxic metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1990, 2, 217–221.
Haschek, W.M.; Motelin, G.; Ness, D.K.; Harlin, K.S.; Hall, W.F.; Vesonder, R.F.; Peterson, R.E.; Beasley, V.R. Characterization of fumonisin toxicity in orally and intravenously dosed swine. Mycopathologia 1992, 117, 83–96.
Holcomb, M.; Thompson, H.C.; Hankins, L.J. Analysis of fumonisin B1 in rodent feed by gradient elution HPLC using precolumn derivatization with FMOC and fluorescence detection. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 764–767.
Hopmans, E.C.; Murphy, P.A. Detection of fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 and hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 in corn-containing foods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 1655–1658.
IARC. Some Naturally Occurring Substances: Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins; IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol 56: IARC, Lyon, 1993.
Kellerman, T.S.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Pienaar, J.G.; Naude, T.W. Amycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1972, 39, 205–208.
Kellerman, T.S.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Cawood, M.E.; Coetzer, J.A.W. Leukoencephalomalacia in two horses induced by oral dosing of fumonisin B1 Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1990, 57, 269–275.
Kriek, N.P.J.; Kellerman, T.S.; Marasas, W.F.O. Acomparative study of the toxicity of Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) to horses, primates, pigs, sheep and rats. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1981, 48, 129–131.
Kuiper-Goodman, T. Uncertainties in the risk assessment of three mycotoxins: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and zearalenone. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1990, 68, 1017–1024.
La Grenade, C.E.F.; Bean G.A. Cytotoxicity of Fusarium moniliforme metabolites. Biodet. Res. 1990, 3, 189–195.
Lamprecht, S.C.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Alberts, J.F.; Cawood, M.E.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G.; Calitz, F.J. Phytotoxicity of fumonisins and TA-toxin to corn and tomato. Phytopathology 1994, 84, 383–391.
Laurent, D.; Platzer, N.; Kohler, F.; Sauviat, M.P; Pellegrin, F. Macrofusine et micromoniline: Deux nouvelles mycotoxines isolees de Mais infeste par Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Microbiol. Alim. Nutr. 1989a, 7, 9–16.
Laurent, D.; Pellegrin, F.; Kohler, F.; Costa, R.; Thevenon, J.; Lambert, C.; Huerre, M. La fumonisine B1 dans la pathogenie de la leucoencepfalomalacie equine. Microbiol. Alim. Nutr. 1989b, 7, 285–291.
Lew, H.; Adler, A.; Edinger, W. Moniliformin and the European corn borer (Ostrinianubilalis) . Mycotoxin Res. 1991, 7, 71–76.
Maragos, C.M.; Richard, J.L. Quantitation and stability of fumonisins B1 and B2 in milk. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 1994, 77, 1162–1167.
Marasas, W.F.O. Occurrence of Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisins in maize in relation to human health. S. Afr. Med. J. 1993, 83, 382–383.
Marasas, W.F.O. Fusarium. In Foodborne Disease Handbook; Hui, Y.M., Gorham, J.R., Murrell, K.D., Cliver, D.O., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1994; Vol. 2, pp 521–573.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Kellerman, T.S.; Pienaar, J.G.; Naude, T.W. Leukoencephalomalacia: a mycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1976, 43, 113–122.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Wehner, F.C.; Van Rensburg, S.J.; Van Schalkwyk D.J. Mycoflora of corn produced in human esophageal cancer areas in Transkei, Southern Africa. Phytopathology 1981, 71, 792–796.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Nelson, P.E.; Toussoun, T.A. Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology; Pennsylvania State University Press; University Park, PA, 1984a; pp 216–246.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Kriek, N.P.J.; Fincham, J.E.; Van Rensburg, S.J. Primary liver cancer and oesophageal basal cell hyperplasia in rats caused by Fusarium moniliforme. Internat. J. Cancer 1984b, 34, 383–387.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Kellerman, T.S.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Coetzer J.A.W.; Thiel, P.G.; Van der Lugt, J.J. Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by Fumonisin B1, isolated from Fusarium moniliforme. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1988, 55, 197–203.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Shephard, G.S.; Sydenham, E.W.; Thiel, P.G. World-wide contamination of maize with fumonisins: Foodborne carcinogens produced by Fusarium moniliforme. In Cereal Science and Technology: Impact on a changing Africa; Taylor, J.R.N., Randall, P.D., Viljoen, J.H., Eds.; CSIR, Pretoria, 1993a, pp. 791-805.
Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Gelderblom, W.C.A; Shephard, G.S.; Sydenham, E.W.; Rheeder, J.P. Fumonisins produced by Fusarium moniliforme in maize: Foodborne carcinogens of Pan African importance. African Newslett. Occup. Health Safety Suppl. 1993b, 2, 11–18.
Merrill, A.H.; Van Echten, G.; Wang, E.; Sandhoff, K. Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase and de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in cultured neurons in situ. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 27299–27306.
Mirocha, C.J.; Gilchrist, D.G.; Shier, W.T.; Abbas, H.K.; Wen, Y.; Vesonder, R.F. AAL Toxins, fumonisins (biology and chemistry) and host-specificity concepts. Mycopathologia 1992a, 117, 47–56.
Mirocha, C.J.; Mackintosh, C.G.; Mirza, U.A.; Xie, W.; Xu, Y.; Chen, J. Occurrence of fumonisin in forage grass in New Zealand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992b, 58, 3196–3198.
Motelin, G.K.; Haschek, W.M.; Ness, D.K.; Hall, W.F.; Harlin, K.S.; Schaeffer, D.J.; Beasley, V.R. Temporal and dose-response features in swine fed corn screenings contaminated with fumonisin mycotoxins. Mycopathologia 1994, 126, 27–40.
Murphy, P.A.; Rice, L.G.; Ross, P.F. Fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 content of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois corn and corn screenings. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 263–266.
Nelson, P.E.; Desjardins, A.E.; Plattner, R.D. Fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species: Biology, chemistry and significance. Ann. Rev. Phytapathol. 1993, 31, 233–252.
Nelson, P.E.; Dignani, M.C.; Anaissie, E.J. Taxonomy, biology and clinical aspects of Fusarium species. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994, 7, 479–504.
Norred, W.P. Fumonisins-mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1993, 38, 309–328.
Norred, W.P.; Voss, K.A. Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer. J. Food Prot. 1994, 57, 522–527.
Norred WP, Bacon CW, Plattner RD, Vesonder RF. Differential cytotoxicity and mycotoxin content among isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. Mycopathologia 1991, 115, 37–43.
Norred, W.P.; Wang, E.; Yoo, H.; Riley, R.T.; Merrill, A.H. In vitro toxicology of fumonisins and the mechanistic implications. Mycopathologia 1992a, 117, 73–78.
Norred, W.P.; Plattner, R.D.; Vesonder, R.F.; Bacon, C.W.; Voss K.A. Effects of selected secondary metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme on unscheduled synthesis of DNA by rat primary hepatocytes. Food Chem. Toxicol 1992b, 30, 233–237.
Osweiler, G.D.; Ross, P.F.; Wilson, T.M.; Nelson, P.E.; Witte, S.T.; Carson, T.L.; Rice, L.G.; Nelson, H.A. Characterization of an epizootic of pulmonary edema in swine associated with fumonisin in corn screenings. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1992, 4, 53–59.
Park, D.L.; Rua, S.M.; Mirocha, C.J.; Abd-Alla, E.A.M.; Weng, C.Y. Mutagenic potentials of fumonisin contaminated corn following ammonia decontamination procedure. Mycopathologia 1992, 117, 105–108.
Pestka, J.J.; Azcona-Olivera, J.I.; Plattner, R.D.; Minervini, F.; Doko, M.B.; Visconti, A. Comparative assessment of fumonisin in grain-based foods by ELISA, GC-MS and HPLC. J. Food Prot. 1994, 57, 169–172.
Pittet, A.; Parisod, V.; Schellenberg, M. Occurrence of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn-based products from the Swiss market. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 1992, 40, 1352–1354.
Plattner, R.D.; Norred, W.P.; Bacon, C.W.; Voss, K.A.; Peterson, R.; Shackelford, D.D.; Weisleder, D. Amethod of detection of fumonisins in corn samples associated with field cases of equine leukoencepha-lomalacia. Mycologia 1990, 82, 698–702.
Price, W.D.; Lovell, R.A.; McChesney, D.G. Naturally occurring toxins in feedstuffs: Center for Veterinary Medicine perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 1993, 71, 2556–2562.
Rheeder, J.P.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Van Schalkwyk, D.J. Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisins in corn in relation to human oesophageal cancer in Transkei. Phytopathology 1992, 82, 353–357.
Rheeder, J.P.; Sydenham, E.W.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G.; Shephard, G.S.; Schlechter, M.; Stockenström, S.; Cronje, D.E.; Viljoen, J.H. Ear-rot fungi and mycotoxins in South African corn of the 1989 crop exported to Taiwan. Mycopathologia 1994, 127, 35–41.
Riley, R.T.; An, N-H.; Showker, J.L.; Yoo, H-S.; Norred, W.P.; Chamberlain, W.J.; Wang, E.; Merrill, A.H.; Motelin, G.; Beasley, V.R.; Haschek, W.M. Alteration of tissue and serum sphinganine to sphingosine ratio: An early biomarker of exposure to fumonisin-containing feeds in pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1993a, 118, 105–112.
Riley, R.T.; Norred, W.P.; Bacon, C.W. Fungal toxins in foods: Recent concerns. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 1993b, 13, 167–289.
Riley, R.T., Hinton, D.M.; Chamberlain, W.J.; Bacon, C.W.; Wang, E; Merrill, A.H.; Voss, K.A. Dietary fumonisin B1, induces disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats: A new mechanism of nephrotoxicity. J. Nutr. 1994a, 124, 594–603.
Riley, R.T.; Voss, K.A.; Yoo, H-S.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Merrill, A.H. Mechanism of fumonisin toxicity and carcinogenesis. J. Food Prot. 1994b, 57, 638–645.
Ross, P.F. What are we going to do with this dead horse? J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. Int. 1994, 77, 491–494.
Ross, P.F.; Nelson, P.E.; Richard, J.L.; Osweiler, G.D.; Rice, L.G.; Plattner, R.D.; Wilson, T.M. Production of fumonisins by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolates associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia and a pulmonary edema syndrome in swine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1990, 56, 3225–3226.
Ross, P.F.; Rice, L.G.; Plattner, R.D.; Osweiler, G.D.; Wilson T.M.; Owens, D.L.; Nelson, H.A.; Richard, J.L. Concentrations of fumonisin B1 in feeds associated with animal health problems. Mycopathologia 1991a, 114, 129–135.
Ross, P.F.; Rice, L.G.; Reagor, J.C.; Osweiler, G.D.; Wilson, T.M.; Nelson, H.A.; Owens, D.L.; Plattner, R.D.; Harlin, K.A.; Richard, J.L.; Colvin, B.M.; Banton, M.I. Fumonisin B1 concentrations in feeds from 45 confirmed equine leukoencephalomalacia cases. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1991b, 3, 238–241.
Ross, P.F.; Rice, L.G.; Osweiler, G.D.; Nelson, P.E.; Richard, J.L.; Wilson, TM. Areview and up-date of animal toxicoses associated with fumonisin-contaminated feeds and production of fumonisins by Fusarium isolates. Mycopathologia 1992, 117: 109–114.
Ross, P.F.; Ledet, A.E.; Owens, D.L.; Rice, L.G.; Nelson, H.A.; Osweiler, G.D.; Wilson, T.M. Experimental equine leukoencephalomalacia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by corn naturally contaminated with fumonisins. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1993, 5, 69–74.
Saccardo, P.A. Fungi Italici Autographice Delinati, Fig 789. Patavii. 1881.
Schroeder, J.J.; Crane, H.M.; Xia, J.; Liotta, D.C.; Merrill, A.H. Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and stimulation of DNA synthesis by fumonisin B1. A molecular mechanism for carcinogenesis associated with Fusarium moniliforme. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 3475–3481.
Scott, P.M.; Lawrence, G.A. Liquid Chromatographic determination of fumonisins with 4-fluoro-7-nitroben-zofurazan. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 1992, 75, 829–834.
Scudamore, K.A.; Chan, H.K. Occurrence of fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and millet imported into the United Kingdom. In Occurrence and Significance of Mycotoxins; Scudamore, K.A., Eds.; Central Sci. Lab. Slough: UK, 1993; pp 186–189.
Shelby, R.A.; White, D.G.; Bauske, E.M. Differential fumonisin production in maize hybrids. Plant Dis. 1994, 78, 582–584.
Sheldon, L. A corn mold (Fusarium moniliforme n. sp.). 17th Ann. Rep. Agric. Exp. Stn.: Nebraska, USA, 1904; pp 23–32.
Shephard, G.S.; Sydenham, E.W.; Thiel, P.G.; Gelderblom, W.C.A. Quantitative determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1990, 13, 2077–2087.
Shier, W.T.; Abbas, H.K.; Mirocha, C.J. Toxicity of the mycotoxins fumonisins B1 and B2 and Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxin (AAL) in cultured mammalian cells. Mycopathologia 1991, 116, 97–104.
Stack, M.E.; Eppley, R.M. Liquid Chromatographic determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn and corn products. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 1992, 75, 834–837.
Sydenham, E.W.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O. Evidence for the natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, in corn. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990a, 38, 285–290.
Sydenham, E.W.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Shephard, G.S.; Van Schalkwyk, D.J.; Koch, K.R. Natural occurrence of some Fusarium mycotoxins in corn from low and high esophageal cancer prevalence areas of the Transkei, Southern Africa. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990b, 38, 1900–1903.
Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Stockenström, S. Fumonisin contamination of commercial corn-based human foodstuffs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 2014–2018.
Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G. Liquid Chromatographic determination of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 in foods and feeds. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 1992a, 75, 313–318.
Sydenham, E.W.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G.; Hirooka, E.Y. Fumonisin concentrations in Brazilian feeds associated with field outbreaks of confirmed and suspected animal mycotoxicoses. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992b, 40, 994–997.
Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Rheeder, J.P.; Peralta Sanhueza, C.E.; Gonzalez, H.H.Z.; Resnik S.L. Fumonisins in Argentinian field-trial corn. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993a, 41, 891–895.
Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O. Fumonisins: Their implications for human and animal health. In Occurrence and Significance of Mycotoxins; Scudamore, K.A. Ed.; Central Sci. Lab.: Slough, UK, 1993b; pp 42–48.
Sydenham, E.W.; Van der Westhuizen, L.; Stockenström, S.; Shephard, G.S.; Thiel, P.G. Fumonisin-contaminated maize: physical treatment for the partial decontamination of bulk shipments. Food Addit. Contam. 1994, 11, 25–32.
Tanaka, T.; Abbas, H.K.; Duke, S.O. Structure-dependent phytotoxicity of fumonisins and related compounds in a duckweed bioassay. Phytochemistry 1993, 33, 779–785.
Thiel, P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Gelderblom, W.C.A.; Nieuwenhuis, J.J. Survey of fumonisin production by Fusarium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991a, 57, 1089–1093.
Thiel, P.G.; Shephard, G.S.; Sydenham, E.W.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Nelson, P.E.; Wilson, T.M. Levels of fumonisin B1 and B2 in feeds associated with confirmed cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991b, 39, 109–111.
Thiel. P.G.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Sydenham, E.W.; Shephard, G.S.; Gelderblom, W.C.A. The implications of naturally occurring levels of fumonisins in corn for human and animal health. Mycopathologia 1992, 117, 3–9.
Ueno, Y.; Aoyama, S.; Sugiura, Y.; Wang, D.S.; Lee, U.S.; Hirooka, E.Y.; Hara, S.; Karki, T.; Chen, G,; Yu, S.Z. A limited survey of fumonisins in corn and corn-based products in Asian countries. Mycotoxin Res. 1993, 9, 27–34.
Usleber, E.; Straka, M.; Terplan, G. Enzyme immunoassay for fumonisin B1, applied to corn-based food. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1392–1396.
Vainio, H.; Heseltine, E.; Wilbourn, J. Report on an IARC Working Group meeting on some naturally occurring substances. Int. J. Cancer 1993, 53, 535–537.
Vesonder, R.F.; Labeda, D.P.; Peterson, R.E. Phytotoxic activity of selected water-soluble metabolites of Fusarium against Lemna minor L. (duckweed). Mycopathologia 1992a, 118, 185–189.
Vesonder, R.F.; Petersen, R.E.; Labeda, D.; Abbas, H.K. Comparative phytotoxicity of the fumonisins, AAL-Toxin and yeast sphingolipids in Lemna minor L. (duckweed). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1992b, 23, 464–467.
Viljoen, J.H.; Marasas, W.F.O.; Thiel, P.G. Fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination of commercial maize. In Cereal Science and Technology: Impact on a Changing Africa. Taylor, J.R.N., Randall, P.G., Viljoen, J.H., Eds; CSIR: Pretoria, SA, 1993; pp 837–853.
Voss, K.A.; Norred, W.P.; Plattner, R.D.; Bacon, C.W. Hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity in rats of corn samples associated with field cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1989, 27, 89–96.
Voss, K.A.; Chamberlain, W.J.; Bacon, C.W.; Norred, W.P. A preliminary investigation on renal and hepatic toxicity in rats fed purified fumonisin B1. Natural Toxins 1993, 1, 222–228.
Wang, E.; Norred, W.P.; Bacon, C.W.; Riley, R.T.; Merrill, A.H. Inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis by fumonisins: implications for diseases associated with Fusarium moniliforme. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 14486–14490.
Wang, E.; Ross, P.F.; Wilson, T.M.; Riley, R.T.; Merrill, A.H. Increases in serum sphingosine and sphinganine and decreases in complex sphingolipids in ponies given feed containing fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. J. Nutr. 1992, 122, 1706–1716.
Wilson, B.J.; Maronpot, R.R. Causative fungus agent of leucoencephalomalacia in equine animals. Vet. Rec. 1971, 88, 484–486.
Wilson, T.M.; Ross, P.F.; Rice, L.G.; Osweiler, G.D.; Nelson, H.A.; Owens, D.L.; Plattner, R.D.; Reggiardo, C.; Noon, T.M.; Pickrell, J.W. Fumonisin B1 levels associated with an epizootic of equine leukoencephalomalacia. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1990, 2, 213–216.
Wilson, T.M.; Ross, P.F.; Owens, D.L.; Rice, L.G.; Jenkins, S.J.; Nelson, H.A. Experimental production of ELEM. A study to determine the minimum toxic dose in ponies. Mycopathologia 1992, 117, 115–120.
Yoo, H-S.; Norred, W.P.; Wang, E.; Merrill, A.H.; Riley, R.T. Fumonisin inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and cytotoxicity are correlated in LLC-PK1, cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1992, 114, 9–15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marasas, W.F.O. (1996). Fumonisins: History, World-Wide Occurrence and Impact. In: Jackson, L.S., DeVries, J.W., Bullerman, L.B. (eds) Fumonisins in Food. Advances in Experimental medicine and Biology, vol 392. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1381-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1379-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive