Abstract
In May, 1993, an outbreak of an acute undifferentiated febrile illness, followed by rapid development of respiratory failure, shock, and, in many cases, death, was identified in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1993). Specimens from the patients were tested for a wide variety of agents at the University of New Mexico (UNM), the state health departments of Arizona and New Mexico, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In early June, the first evidence of the cause of illness was found. Detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to several hantaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) suggested that the illness was caused by a serologically cross-reactive hantavirus. Within a few days, other laboratory and epidemiologic information confirmed the preliminary results. Antigen was detected in endothelial cells of lungs and other organs by immunohistochemistry, using a broadly reactive hantavirus nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody (Zaki et al., 1995). Nichol and colleagues (Nichol et al., 1993), using nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), independently confirmed the serologic results by detecting hanta-virus genetic sequences in patient tissues. Furthermore, the sequence was unique and represented a new hantavirus most closely related to Prospect Hill virus, a North American hantavirus not known to cause human disease. Like previously discovered hantaviruses, this newly recognized virus was found to be carried by rodents, and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was incriminated (Childs et al., 1994). This rodent species had the highest antibody prevalence among animals tested, and RT-PCR products from rodents captured at case households were identical or closely related to those from the human patients. The concurrence of antibody and virus RNA detection in nearly all (96%) of the deer mice tested by both techniques suggested a chronic infection of this host, leading to the conclusion that P. maniculatus was the primary reservoir of this newly recognized hantavirus.
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Nichol, S.T., Ksiazek, T.G., Rollin, P.E., Peters, C.J. (1996). Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and Newly Described Hantaviruses in the United States. In: Elliott, R.M. (eds) The Bunyaviridae. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1364-7_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1364-7_11
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