Skip to main content

Phosphatidic Acid

  • Chapter
Lipid Second Messengers

Part of the book series: Handbook of Lipid Research ((HLRE,volume 8))

Abstract

Many agonists increase the concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA) in their target cells. This was initially thought to reflect the action of diacylglycerol kinase on the 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) generated by the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PI) by phospholipase C (PLC) (Berridge, 1984). However, later experiments indicated that the agonists promoted the formation of DAG and PA from another phospholipid and this was subsequently identified as phosphatidylcholine (PC) in most cell types (Exton, 1990, 1994; Billah and Anthes, 1990).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agwu, D., McPhail, L. C., Chabot, M. C., Daniel, L. W., Wykle, R. L., and McCall, C. E., 1989a, Choline-linked phosphoglycerides. A source of phosphatidic acid and diglycerides in stimulated neutrophils, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1405.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agwu, D. E., McPhail, L. C., Wykle, R. L., and McCall, C. E., 1989b, Mass determination of receptor-mediated accumulation of phosphatidate and diglycerides in human neutrophils measured by Coomassie blue staining and densitometry, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159: 79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agwu, D. E., McPhail, L. C., Sozzani, S., Bass, D. A., and McCall, C. E., 1991, Phosphatidic acid as a second messenger in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Effects on activation of NADPH oxidase, J. Clin. Invest. 88: 531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, S., Kozma, R., Lee, J., Monfries, C., Harden, N., and Lim, L., 1991, The cysteine-rich domain of human proteins, neuronal chimaerin, proteinkinase C and diacylglycerol kinase binds zinc. Evidence for the involvement of a zinc-dependent structure in phorbol ester binding, Biochem. 280: 233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, S., Lee, J., Kozma, R., Best, A., Monfries, C., and Lim, L., 1993, A novel functional target for tumor-promoting phorbol esters and lysophosphatidic acid. The p2lrac-GTPase activating protein n-chimaerin, J Biol. Chem. 268: 10709.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, A., Plevin, R., Shoaibi, M. A., Fountain, S. A., Ferriani, R. A., and Smith, S. K., 1994, Basic FGF activates phospholipase D in endothelial cells in the absence of inositol-lipid hydrolysis, Am. J. Physiol. 266: C206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, C, and Exton, J. H., 1993, Quantification of inositol phospholipid breakdown in isolated rat hepatocytes, Biochem. j 290: 865.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anthes, J. C., Wang, P., Siegel, M. I., Egan, R. W., and Billah, M. M., 1991, Granulocyte phospholipase D is activated by a guanine nucleotide dependent protein factor, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175: 236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asaoka, Y., Oka, M., Yoshida, K., and Nishizuka, Y., 1991, Metabolic rate of membrane-permeant diacylglycerol and its relation to human resting T-lymphocyte activation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 8681.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Augert, G., Blackmore, P. F., and Exton, J. H., 1989a, Changes in the concentration and fatty acid composition of phosphoinositides induced by hormones in hepatocytes, J Biol. Chem. 264: 2574.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Augert, G., Bocckino, S. B., Blackmore, P. F., and Exton, J. H., 1989b, Hormonal stimulation of diacylglycerol formation in hepatocytes. Evidence for phosphatidylcholine breakdown, J Biol. Chem. 264: 2 1689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balboa, M. A., Balsinde, J., Dennis, E. A., and Insel, P. A., 1995, A phospholipase D-mediated pathway for generating diacylglycerol in nuclei from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, J Biol. Chem. 270: 1 1738.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balboa, M. A., Firestein, B. L., Godson, C., Bell, K. S., and Insel, P. A., 1994, Protein kinase C mediates phospholipase D activation by nucleotides and phorbol ester in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Stimulation of phospholipase D is independent of activation of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and phospholipase A2, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 10511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balsinde, J., and Mollinedo, E, 1990, Phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by human plasma phospholipase D, FEBS Lett. 259: 237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balsinde, J., Diez, E., and Mollinedo, F., 1988, Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D: A pathway for generation of a second messenger, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 154: 502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banschbach, M. W., Geison, R. L., and Hokin-Neaverson, M., 1981, Effects of cholinergic stimulation of levels and fatty acid composition of diacylglycerols in mouse pancreas, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 663: 34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauldry, S. A., Elsey, K. L., and Bass, D. A., 1992, Activation of NADPH oxidase and phospholipase D in permeabilized human neutrophils. Correlation between oxidase activation and phosphatidic acid production, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellavite, P., Corso, E, Dusi, S., Grzeskowiak, M., Della-Bianca, V., and Rossi, E, 1989, Activation of NADPH-dependent superoxide production in plasma membrane extracts of pig neutrophils by phosphatidic acid, J. Biol. Chem. 263: 8210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Av, P., Eli, Y., Schmidt, U.-S., Tobias, K E., and Liscovitch, M., 1993, Distinct mechanisms of phospholipase D activation and attenuation utilized by different mitogens in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, Eur. J Biochem. 215: 455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge, M. J., 1984, Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers, Biochem. j 220: 345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besterman, J. M., Duronio, V., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1986a, Rapid formation of diacylglycerol from phosphatidylcholine: A pathway for generation of a second messenger, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 6785.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besterman, J. M., Pollenz, R. S., Booker, E. L., Jr., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1986b, Diacylglycerol-induced translocation of diacylglycerol kinase: Use of affinity-purified enzyme in a reconstitution system, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 9378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billah, M. M., and Anthes, J. C., 1990, The regulation and cellular functions of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, Biochem. J. 269: 281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billah, M. M., Lapetina, E., and Cuatrecasas, P., 1981, Phospholipase A2 activity specific for phosphatidic acid. A possible mechanism for the production of arachidonic acid in platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 256: 5399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billah, M. M., Eckel, S., Mullmann, T. J., Egan, R. W., and Siegel, M. I., 1989a, Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D determines phosphatidate and diglyceride levels in chemotactic peptide stimulated human neutrophils. Involvement of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17069.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billah, M. M., Pai, J.-K., Mullmann, T. J., Egan, R. W., and Siegel, M. I., 1989b, Regulation of phospholipase D in HL-60 granulocytes. Activation by phorbol esters, diglyceride, and calcium ionophore via protein kinase C-independent mechanisms, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 9069.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, G. St. J., Rossier, M. F., Obie, J. F., and Putney, J. W., Jr., 1993, Sinusoidal oscillations in intracellular calcium requiring negative feedback by protein kinase C, J. BioL Chem. 268: 8425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, W. R., Ganong, B. R., and Bell, R. M., 1986, Attenuation of sn-1,2-diacyglycerol second messengers by diacylglycerol kinase. Inhibition by diacylglycerol analogs in vitro and in human platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 6993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bocckino, S. B., and Exton, J. H., 1992, Phosphatidylcholine metabolism in signal transduction, in: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Vol. 3, Part A (C. C. Cochrane and M. A. Gimbrone, Jr., eds.), pp. 89–114, Academic Press, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocckino, S. B., Blackmore, P. F., and Exton, J. H., 1985, Stimulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol accumulation in hepatocytes by vasopressin, epinephrine and angiotensin II, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 14201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bocckino, S. B., Blackmore, P. F., Wilson, P. B., and Exton, J. H., 1987a, Phosphatidate accumulation in hormone-treated hepatocytes via a phospholipase D mechanism, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 15309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bocckino, S. B., Wilson, P. B., and Exton, J. H., 1987b, Cat+-mobilizing hormones elicit phosphatidylethanol formation via phospholipase D activation, FEBS Lett. 255: 201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bocckino, S. B., Wilson, P. B., and Exton, J. H., 1991, Phosphatidate-dependent protein phosphorylation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 6210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnel, S., Lin, Y.-P., Kelley, M. J., Carman, G. M., and Eichberg, J., 1989, Interactions of thiophosphatidic acid with enzymes which metabolize phosphatidic acid. Inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphatase and utilization by GDP-diacylglycerol synthase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1005: 289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgoin, S., and Grinstein, S., 1992, Peroxides of vanadate induce activation of phospholipase D in HL-60 cells. Role of tyrosine phosphorylation, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 1 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourgoin, S., Harbour, D., Desmarais, Y, Takai, Y., and Beaulieu, A., 1995, Low molecular weight GTPbinding proteins in HL-60 granulocytes. Assessment of the role of ARF and of a 50-kDa cytosolic protein in phospholipase D activation, J. Biol. Chem. 270: 3172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, E. P., Uhlinger, D.J., and Lambeth, J. D., 1993, Neutrophil phospholipase D is activated by a membrane-associated Rho family small molecular weight GTP-binding protein, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2 1509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brindley, D. N., 1988, General introduction and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the liver, in: PhosphatidatePhosphohydrolase, CRC Series in Enzyme Biology ( D. N. Brindley, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 1–77, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brindley, D. N., and Bowley, M., 1975, Drugs affecting the synthesis of glycerides and phospholipids in rat liver. The effects of clofibrate, halofenate, fenfluramine, amphetamine, cinchocaine, chlorpromazine, demethylimipramine, mepyramine and some of their derivatives, Biochem. J 148: 461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broekman, M. J., Ward, J. W., and Marcus, A. J., 1981, Fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid in stimulated platelets. Persistence of arachidonyl-stearyl structure, J Biol. Chem. 256: 8271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. A., Gutowski, S., Kahn, R. A., and Sternweis, P. C., 1995, Partial purification and characterization of Arf-sensitive phospholipase D from porcine brain, J. Biol. Chem. 270: 14935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. A., Gutowski, S., Moomaw, C. R., Slaughter, C., and Sternweis, P. C., 1993, ADP-ribosylation factor, a small GTP-dependent regulatory protein, stimulates phospholipase D activity, Cell 75: 1137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bursten, S. L., Harris, W. E., Bomsztyk, K., and Lovett, D., 1991, Interleukin-1 rapidly stimulates lysophosphatidate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities in human mesangial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 20732.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butterwith, S. C., Hopewell, R., and Brindley, D. N., 1984, Partial purification and characterization of a soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase of rat liver, Biochem. J. 220: 825.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carnero, A., Cuadrado, A., del Peso, L., and Lacal, J C, 1994a, Activation of type D phospholipase by serum stimulation and ras-induced transformation in NIH3T3 cells, Oncogene 9: 1387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carnero, A., Dolfi, E, and Lacal, J. C., 1994b, ras-p21 activates phospholipase D and A2, but not phospholipase C or PKC, in Xenopus laevis oocytes, J. Cell. Biochem. 54: 478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabot, M. C., McPhail, L. C., Wykle, R. L., Kennerly, D. A., and McCall, C. E., 1992, Comparison of diglyceride production from choline-containing phosphoglycerides in human neutrophils stimulated with Xformylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine, ionophore A23187 or phorbo112-myristate 13-acetate, Biochem. J. 286: 693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalifour, R. J., and Kanfer, J. N., 1980, Microsomal phospholipase D of rat brain and lung tissues, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 96: 742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalifour, R., and Kanfer, J. N., 1982, Fatty acid activation and temperature perturbation of rat brain microsomal phospholipase D, J. Neurochem. 39: 299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, G. G., Sylvia, V. L., and Sakaguchi, A. Y, 1991, Activation of a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C by colony stimulating factor 1 receptor requires tyrosine phosphorylation and a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 23147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, M., Lee, M. W., Zhao, D., and Severson, D. L., 1993, Metabolism of a long-chain diacylglycerol by permeabilized A10 smooth muscle cells, Am. J. Physiol. 265: C927.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockcroft, S., and Allan, D., 1984, The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidate and 1,2-diacylglycerol in stimulated human neutrophils, Biochem. J. 222: 557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockcroft, S., Thomas, G. M. H., Fensome, A., Geny, B., Cunningham, E., Gout, I., Hiles, I., Totty, N. F., Truong, O., and Hsuan, J. J., 1994, Phospholipase D: A downstream effector of ARF in granulocytes, Science 263: 523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conricode, K. M., Brewer, K. A., and Exton, J. H., 1992, Activation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C. Evidence for a phosphorylation-independent mechanism, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 7199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conricode, K. M., Smith, J. L., Burns, D. J., and Exton, J. H., 1994, Phospholipase D activation in fibroblast membranes by the a and (3 isoforms of protein kinase C, FEBS Lett. 342: 149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, S. J., and Wakelam, M. J. O., 1991a, Stimulated phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis as a signal transduction pathway in mitogenesis, Cell. Signal. 3: 273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, S. J., and Wakelam, M. J. O., 1991b, Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D is a common response to mitogens which stimulate inositol lipid hydrolysis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1092: 265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, S.J., and Wakelam, M.J. 0., 1992, Epidermal growth factor increases sn-1,2,-diacylglycerol levels and activates phospholipase D-catalysed phosphatidylcholine breakdown in Swiss 3T3 cells in the absence of inositol-lipid hydrolysis, Biochem. J. 285: 247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, S. J., Briscoe, C. P., and Wakelam, M.J. 0., 1991, The regulation of phospholipase D activity and its role in sn-1,2-diradylglycerol formation in bombesin-and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells, Biochem. J. 280: 431.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. A., and Kashishian, A., 1993, In vivo binding properties of SH2 domains from GTPaseactivating protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 1737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coorssen, J. R., and Haslam, R. J., 1993, GTPyS and phorbol ester act synergistically to stimulate both Cat+-independent secretion and phospholipase D activity in permeabilized human platelets. Inhibition by BAPTA and analogues, FEBS Lett. 316: 170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, G. M. C., 1990, Glycolipid anchoring of plasma membrane proteins, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:1. Daniel, L. W., Huang, C., Strum, J. C., Smitherman, P. K., Greene, D., and Wykle, R. L., 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Phospholipase D hydrolysis of choline phosphoglycerides is selective for the alkyl-linked subclass of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, J. Biol. Chem. 268:21519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davitz, M. A., Hom, J., and Schenkman, S., 1989, Purification of a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D from human plasma, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 13760.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, R. M. C., 1967, The formation of phosphatidylglycerol and other phospholipids by the transferase activity of phospholipase D, Biochem. J. 102: 205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, R. M. C., Irvine, R., Hirasawa, K., and Hemington, N. L., 1982, Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by pancreas and pancreatic secretions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 710: 212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day, C. P., and Yeaman, S. J., 1992, Physical evidence for the presence of two forms of phosphatidate

    Google Scholar 

  • phosphohydrolase in rat liver, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1127:87.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Chaffoy de Courcelles, D., 1990, The use of diacylglycerol kinase inhibitors for elucidating the roles of protein kinase C, Adv. Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 24: 491.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Chaffoy de Courcelles, D., Roevens, E, and Van Belle, H., 1985, R 59 022, a diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor. Its effect on diacylglycerol and thrombin-induced C kinase activation in the intact platelet, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 15762.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Chaffoy de Courcelles, D., Roevens, P., Van Belle, H., Kennis, L., Somers, Y., and De Clerck, F., 1989, The role of endogenously formed diacylglycerol in the propagation and termination of platelet

    Google Scholar 

  • activation. A biochemical and functional analysis using the novel diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor, R 59 949, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 3274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekker, L. V., and Parker, P. J., 1994, Protein kinase C—a question of specificity, Trends Biochem. Sci. 19: 73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinh, T. T., and Kennerly, D. A., 1991, Assessment of receptor-dependent activation of phospha- tidylcholine hydrolysis by both phospholipase D and phospholipase C, Cell Regul. 2: 299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divecha, N., Lander, D. J., Scott, T. W., and Irvine, R. E, 1991, Molecular species analysis of 1,2diacylglycerols and phosphatidic acid formed during bombesin stimulation of swiss 3T3 cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1093: 184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubyak, G. R., Schomisch, S.J., Kusner, D.J., and Xie, M., 1993, Phospholipase D activity in phagocytic leucocytes is synergistically regulated by Gprotein-and tyrosine kinase-based mechanisms, Biochem. J. 292: 121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, Y. S., and Murray, A. W., 1995, Accumulation of phosphatidylalcohol in cultured cells: use of subcellular fractionation to investigate phospholipase D activity during signal transduction, Biochem. J. 308: 473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eldar, H., Ben-Av, P., Schmidt, U.S., Livneh, E., and Liscovitch, M., 1993, Up-regulation of phospholipase D activity induced by overexpression of protein kinase C-a. Studies in intact Swiss/3T3 cells and in detergent-solubilized membranes in vitro, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 1 2560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Exton, J. H., 1990, Signaling through phosphatidylcholine breakdown, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Exton, J. H., 1993, Phosphoinositide phospholipases and G-proteins in hormone action, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 56: 349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exton, J. H., 1994, Phosphatidylcholine breakdown and signal transduction, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1212:26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanti, W.J., Escobedo, J. A., Martin, G. A., Turck, C. W., del Rosario, M., McCormick, F., and Williams, L. T., 1992, Distinct phosphotyrosines on a growth factor receptor bind to specific molecules that mediate different signaling pathways, Cell 69: 413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, I. N., and Yeaman, S. J., 1995, Subcellular distribution of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive and -insensitive phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase in rat brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1254: 161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Florin-Christensen, J., Florin-Christensen, M., Delfino, J. M., and Rasmussen, H., 1993, New patterns of diacylglycerol metabolism in intact cells, Biochem. J. 289: 783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, E. J., Chisolm, G. M., and Tallant, E. A., 1995, Role of calcium and protein kinase C in the activation of phospholipase D by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 319: 84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukami, K., and Takenawa, T., 1992, Phosphatidic acid that accumulates in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells is a potential mitogenic signal, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 10988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelas, P., Ribbes, G., Record, M., Terce, E, and Chap, H., 1989, Differential activation by fMet-Leu-Phe and phorbol ester of a plasma membrane phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D in human neutrophil, FEBS Lett. 251: 213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geny, B., and Cockcroft, S., 1992, Synergistic activation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C- and G-protein-mediated pathways in streptolysin 0-permeabilized HL60 cells, Biochem. J. 284: 531.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geny, B., Fensome, A., and Cockcroft, S., 1993, Rat brain cytosol contains a factor which reconstitutes guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-regulated phospholipase-D activation in HL60 cells previously permeabilized with streptolysin O, Fur. J. Biochem. 215: 389.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Munoz, A., Hamza, E. H., and Brindley, D. N., 1992a, Effects of sphingosine, albumin and unsaturated fatty acids on the activation and translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolases in rat hepatocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1127: 49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Munoz, A., Hatch, G. M., Martin, A., Jamal, Z., Vance, D. E., and Brindley, D. N., 1992b, Effects of okadaic acid on the activities of two distinct phosphatidate phosphohydrolases in rat hepatocytes, FEBS Lett. 301: 103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goto, K., and Kondo, H., 1993, Molecular cloning and expression of a 90 kDa diacylglycerol that predominantly localizes in neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goto, K., Watanabe, M., Kondo, H., Yuasa, H., Sakane, F., and Kanoh, H., 1992, Gene cloning, sequence, expression and in situ localization of 80 kDa diacylglycerol kinase specific to oligodendrocyte of rat brain, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 16: 75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gratas, C., and Powis, G., 1993, Inhibition of phospholipase D by agents that inhibit cell growth, Anticancer Res. 13: 1239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillemain, I., and Rossignol, B., 1992, Evidence for receptor-linked activation of phospholipase D in rat parotid glands, FEBS Lett. 313: 489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustaysson, L., Moehren, G., Torres-Marquez, M. E., Benistant, C., Rubin, R., and Hoek, J. B., 1994, The role of cytosolic Ca2+, protein kinase C, and protein kinase A in hormonal stimulation of phospholipase D in rat hepatocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ha, K-S., and Exton, J. H., 1993a, Differential translocation of protein kinase C isozymes by thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor. A possible function for phosphatidylcholine-derived diacylglycerol, J Biol. Chem. 268: 10534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, K-S., and Exton, J. H., 1993b, Activation of actin polymerization by phosphatidic acid derived from phosphatidylcholine in IIC9 fibroblasts, J. Cell Biol. 123: 1789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, K-S., Yeo, E.J., and Exton, J. H., 1994, Lysophosphatidic acid activation of phosphatidylcholinehydrolysing phospholipase D and actin polymerization by a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism, Biochem. J. 303: 55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halenda, S. P., and Rehm, A. G., 1990, Evidence for the calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase D in thrombin-stimulated human erythroleukaemia cells, Biochem. J. 267: 479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan, D. J., 1986, Platelet-activating factor: A biologically active phosphoglyceride, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55: 483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannun, Y. A., Loomis, C. R., Merrill, A. H., and Bell, R. M., 1986, Sphingosine inhibition of protein kinase C activity and of phorbol dibutyrate binding in vitro and in human platelets, J Biol. Chem. 261: 1 2604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hattori, H., and Kanfer, J., 1984, Synaptosomal phospholipase D: Potential role in providing choline for acetylcholine synthesis, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124: 945.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M., Bieri, S., and Brodbeck, U., 1992, A novel form of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor converting activity with a specificity of a phospholipase D in mammalian liver membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1109: 109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, P. G., Pannell, L. K., Murata, Y, and Daly, J. W., 1992, Molecular species analysis of a product of phospholipase D activation. Phosphatidylethanol is formed from phosphatidylcholine in phorbol ester-and bradykinin-stimulated PC12 cells, J Biol. Chem. 267: 16834.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, R. P., and Yoss, N. L., 1983, Failure of phosphatidic acid to translocate Cat+ across phosphatidylcholine membranes, Nature 305: 637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hordijk, P. L., Verlaan, I., van Corven, E.J., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1994, Protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by lysophosphatidic acid in Rat-1 fibroblasts. Evidence that phosphorylation of MAP kinase is mediated by the G p2lras pathway, J Biol. Chem. 269: 645.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, J., 1990, Carbachol and bradykinin increases the production of diacylglycerol from sources other than inositol-containing phospholipids in PC12 cells, J Neurochem. 54: 983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, J., and Davis, L. L., 1993, The substrate specificity of brain microsomal phospholipase D, Biochem. J. 295: 793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howe, L. R., and Marshall, C. J., 1993, Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activation via a G-protein-coupled pathway requiring p2lras and p74raf-1 J Biol. Chem. 268: 20717.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., and Cabot, M. C., 1990a, Vasopressin-induced polyphosphoinositide and phosphatidylcholine degradation in fibroblasts. Temporal relationship for formation of phospholipase C and phospholipase D hydrolysis products, J Biol. Chem. 265: 17468.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., and Cabot, M. C., 1990b, Phorbol esters stimulate the accumulation of phosphatidate, phosphatidylethanol and diacylglycerol in three cell types, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14858.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., Wykle, R. L., Daniel, L. W., and Cabot, M. C., 1992, Identification of phosphatidylcholineselective and phosphatidylinositol-selective phospholipases D in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16859.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, K-S., Li, S., Fung, W.-J., Holmes, J. D., Reik, L., Pan, Y-C. E., and Low, M. G., 1990, Purification and characterization of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D, J Biol. Chem. 265: 17738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, K-S., Li, S., and Low, M. G., 1991, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D, Methods Enzymol. 197: 567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, R., Kucera, G. L., and Rittenhouse, S. E., 1991, Elevated cytosolic Cat+ activates phospholipase D in human platelets, J Biol. Chem. 266: 1652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imagawa, W., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Wallace, D., and Nandi, S., 1989, Phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups are mitogenic for normal mouse mammary epithelial cells in serum-free primary cell culture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 4122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inamori, K., Sagawa, N., Kasegawa, M., Itoh, H., Ueda, H., Kobayashi, F., Ihara, Y, and Mori, T., 1993, Identification and partial characterization of phospholipase D in the human amniotic membrane, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191: 1270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackowski, S., and Rock, C. O., 1989, Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phospholipase C activity by phosphatidic acid, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 268: 516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jalink, K., van Corven, E. J., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1990, Lysophosphatidic acid, but not phosphatidic acid, is a potent Cat+-mobilizing stimulus for fibroblasts. Evidence for an extracellular site of action, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 1 2232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamal, Z., Martin, A., Gomez-Munoz, A., and Brindley, D. N., 1991, Plasma membrane fractions from rat liver contain a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase distinct from that in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 2988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeng, I. M., Klemm, N., and Wu, C. Z., 1988, Inhibition of rat diacylglycerol kinase activity by synthetic L-lysine containing polypeptides, Biochem. Int. 16: 853.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, H., Alexandropoulos, K., Song, J., and Foster, D. A., 1994, Evidence that v-Src-induced phospholipase D activity is mediated by a G protein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 3676.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. A., and Carpenter, G., 1993, The regulation of phospholipase C-y1 by phosphatidic acid. Assessment of kinetic parameters, J Biol. Chem. 268: 20845.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, L. G., Ella, K. M., Bradshaw, C. D., Gause, K. C., Dey, M., Wisehart-Johnson, A. E., Spivey, E. C., and Meier, K. E., 1994, Activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and phospholipase D in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 23790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kai, M., Sakane, F., Imai, S.-I., Wada, I., ad Kanoh, H.,1994, Molecular cloning of a diacylglycerol kinase isozyme predominantly expressed in human retina with a truncated and inactive enzyme expression in most other human cells, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 18492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanfer, J. N., and McCartney, D., 1994, Phospholipase D activity of isolated rat brain plasma membranes, FEBS Lett. 337: 251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanoh, H., Yamada, K., Sakane, F., and Imaizumi, T., 1989, Phosphorylation of diacylglycerol kinase in vitro by protein kinase C, Biochem. J. 258: 455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanoh, H., Imai, S., Yamada, K., and Sakane, F., 1992a, Purification and properties of phosphatidic acid phosphatase from porcine thymus membranes, J Biol. Chem. 267: 25309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanoh, H., Kanaho, Y., and Nozawa, Y, 1992b, Pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein mediates carbachol activation of phospholipase D in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, J. Neurochem. 59: 1786.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanoh, H., Sakane, F., Imai, S.-I., and Wada, I., 1993, Diacylglycerol kinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase—enzymes metabolizing lipid second messengers, Cell. Signal. 5: 494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kashishian, A., Kazlauskas, A., and Cooper, J. A., 1992, Phosphorylation sites in the PDGF receptor with different specificities for binding GAP and P13 kinase in vivo, EMBO J 11: 1373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaszkin, M., Seidler, L., Kast, R., and Kinzel, V., 1992, Epidermal-growth-factor-induced production of phosphatidylalcohols by HeLa cells and A431 cells through activation of phospholipase D, Biochem. j 287: 51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kater, L. A., Goetzl, E. J., and Austen, K. E, 1976, Isolation of human eosinophil phospholipase D, J Clin. Invest. 57: 1173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazlauskas, A., Kashishian, A., Cooper, J. A., and Valius, M., 1992, GTPase-activating protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase bind to distinct regions of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 13 subunit, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12: 2534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennerly, D. A., 1987, Diacylglycerol metabolism in mast cells. Analysis of lipid metabolic pathways using molecular species analysis of intermediates, j Biol. Chem. 262: 16305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennerly, D. A., 1990, Phosphatidylcholine is a quantitatively more important source of increased 1,2diacylglycerol than is phosphatidylinositol in mast cells, J Immunol. 144: 3912.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessels, G. C. R., Gervaix, A., Lew, P. D., and Verhoeven, A. J., 1991a, The chymotrypsin inhibitor carbobenzyloxy-leucine-tyrosine-chloromethylketone interferes with phospholipase D activationinduced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 15870.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessels, G. C. R., Roos, D., and Verhoeven, A. J., 1991b, fMet-leu-phe-induced activation of phospholipase D in human neutrophils. Dependence on changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and relation with respiratory burst activation, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 23152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kester, M., Simonson, M. S., McDermott, R. G., Baldi, E., and Dunn, M. J., 1992, Endothelin stimulates phosphatidic acid formation in cultured rat mesangial cells: Role of a protein kinase C-regulated phospholipase D, J. Cell. Physiol. 150: 578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, W. A., Blobe, G. C., Richards, A. L., and Hannun, Y. A., 1994, Identification, partial purification, and characterization of a novel phospholipid-dependent and fatty acid-activated protein kinase from human platelets, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss, Z., and Anderson, W. B., 1989a, Phorbol ester stimulates the hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine in leukemic HL-60, NIH 3T3, and baby hamsters kidney cells, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss, Z., and Anderson, W. B., 1989b, Alcohols selectively stimulate phospholipase D-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine in NIH 3T3 cells, FEBS Lett. 257: 45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss, Z., and Anderson, W. B., 1990, ATP stimulates the hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine in NIH 3T3 cells, J BioL Chem. 265: 7345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knauss, T. C., Jaffer, F. E., and Abboud, H. E., 1990, Phosphatidic acid modulates DNA synthesis, phospholipase C, and platelet-derived growth factor mRNAs in cultured mesangial cells. Role of protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14457.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M., and Kanfer, J. N., 1987, Phosphatidylethanol formation via transphosphatidylation by rat brain synaptosomal phospholipase D, J. Neurochem. 48: 1597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M., and Kanfer, J. N., 1991, Solubilization and purification of rat tissue phospholipase D, Methods Enzymol. 197: 575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, T., Konishi, E, Inui, H., and Inagami, T., 1992, Diacylglycerol formation from phosphatidylcholine in angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187: 1460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koul, O., and Hauser, G., 1987, Modulation of rat brain cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase: Effect of cationic amphiphilic drugs and divalent cations, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 253: 453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ktistakis, N. T., Brown, H. A., Sternweis, P. C., and Roth, M. G., 1995, Phospholipase D is present on Golgi-enriched membranes and its activation by ADP-ribosylation factor is sensitive to brefeldinA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 4952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumada, T., Miyata, H., and Nozawa, Y., 1993, Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in IgE receptor-mediated phospholipase D activation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191: 1363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumagai, N., Morii, N., Fujisawa, K., Nemoto, Y, and Narumiya, S., 1993a, ADP-ribosylation of rho p21 inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in cultured Swiss 3T3 cells, J Biol. Chem. 268: 24535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumagai, N., Morii, N., Fujisawa, K., Yoshimasa, T., Nakao, K., and Narumiya, S., 1993b, Lysophosphatidic acid induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAP-kinase and focal adhesion kinase in cultured Swiss 3T3 cells, FEBS Lett. 329: 273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusner, D. J., Schomisch, S. J., and Dubyak, G. R., 1993, ATP-induced potentiation of C-proteindependent phospholipase D activity in a cell-free system from U937 promonocytic leukocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 19973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassègue, B., Alexander, R. W., Clark, M., and Griendling, K. K., 1991, Angiotensin II-induced phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in cultured vascular smooth-muscle cells, Biochem. J. 276: 19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavie, Y, and Liscovitch, M., 1990, Activation of phospholipase D by sphingoid bases in NG108–15 neural-derived cells, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3868.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavie, Y, Piterman, O., and Liscovitch, M., 1990, Inhibition of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activity by sphingosine. Dual action of sphingosine in diacylglycerol signal termination, FEBS Lett. 277: 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Fisher, S. K., Agranoff, B. W., and Hajra, A. K., 1991, Quantitative analysis of molecular species of diacylglycerol and phosphatidate formed upon muscarinic receptor activation of human SK N-SH neuroblastoma cells, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 2 2837.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y. H., Kim, H. S., Pai, J.-K., Ryu, S. H., and Suh, P.-G.,1994, Activation of phospholipase D induced by platelet-derived growth factor is dependent upon the level of phospholipase C-y1, J Biol. Chem. 269:26842.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, P., and Gilfillan, A. M., 1992, The role of calcium and protein kinase C in the IgE-dependent activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D in a rat mast (RBL 2H3) cell line, Eux J. Biochem. 207: 163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, P., Fung, W.J. C., and Gilfillan, A. M., 1992, Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D-derived 1,2-diacylglycerol does not initiate protein kinase C activation in the RBL 2H3 mast-cell line, Biochem. J. 287: 325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, P., Fung, W.J. C., Li, S., Chen, T., Repetto, B., Huang, K-S., and Gilfillan, A. M., 1994, Temporal regulation of the IgE-dependent 1,2-diacylglycerol production by tyrosine kinase activation in a rat (RBL 2H3) mast-cell line, Biochem. J. 299: 109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liscovitch, M., and Amsterdam, A., 1989, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone activates phospholipase D in ovarian granulosa cells. Possible role in signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1 1763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liscovitch, M., and Eli, Y, 1991, Cat+ inhibits guanine nucleotide-activated phospholipase D in neuralderived NG108–15 cells, Cell andgul. 2: 1011.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liscovitch, M., Chalifa, V., Danin, M., and Eli, Y, 1991, Inhibition of neural phospholipase D by aminoglycoside antibiotics, Biochem. J 279: 319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liscovitch, M., Chalifa, V., Pertile, P., Chen, C.-S., and Cantley, L. C., 1994, Novel function of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as a cofactor for brain membrane phospholipase D, J Biol. Chem. 269: 2 1403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llahi, S., and Fain, J. N., 1992, a,-Adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase D in rat cerebral cortex, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 3679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopex, I., Burns, D.J., and Lambeth, J. D., 1995, Regulation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C in human neutrophils. Conventional isoforms of protein kinase C phosphorylate A phospholipase D-related component in the plasma membrane, J Biol. Chem. 270: 19465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, M. G., and Huang, K: S.,1993, Phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid and lipid A are inhibitors of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D. Specific inhibition of a phospholipase by product analogues? J Biol. Chem. 268: 8480.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, M. L., Mack, K F., Richardson, C. N., and Glomset, J. A., 1988, Regulation of diacylglycerol kinase reaction in Swiss 3T3 cells. Increased phosphorylation of endogenous diacylglycerol and decreased phosphorylation of didecanoylglycerol in response to platelet derived growth factor,/ Biol. Chem. 263: 1575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGhee, J. G., and Shoback, D. M., 1990, Effects of phosphatidic acid on parathyroid hormone release, intracellular free Cat+, and inositol phosphates in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells, Endocrinology 126: 899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKinnon, M., and Parker, P.J., 1994, Phospholipase-D activation can be negatively regulated through the action of protein kinase C, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1222: 109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McPhail, L. C., Qualliotine-Mann, D., and Waite, K A., 1995, Cell-free activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase by a phosphatidic acid-regulated protein kinase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 7931.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacNulty, E., Plevin, R., and Wakelam, M. J. 0., 1990, Stimulation of the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylcholine by endothelin, a complete mitogen for Rat-1 fibroblasts, Biochem. J. 272: 761.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacNulty, E. E., McClue, S. J., Carr, I. C., Jess, T., Wakelam, M. J. O., and Milligan, G., 1992, a2 C10 adrenergic receptors expressed in rat 1 fibroblasts can regulated both adenylylcyclase and phospholipase D-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by interacting with pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 2149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, K C., Ross, A. H., Qiu, R.-G., Symons, M., and Exton, J. H., 1994, Activation of rat liver phospholipase D by the small GTP binding protein rhoA, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 25951.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroney, A. C., and Macara, I. G., 1989, Phorbol ester-induced translocation of diacylglycerol kinase from the cytosol to the membrane in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 2537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A., Gomez-Munoz, A., Jamal, Z., and Brindley, D. N., 1991, Characterization and assay of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, Methods Enzymol. 197: 553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A., Gomez-Munoz, A., Waggoner, D. W., Stone, J. C., and Brindley, D. N., 1993, Decreased activities of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and phospholipase D in ras and tyrosine kinase (fps) transformed fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 23924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A., Gomez-Munoz, A., Duffy, P. A., and Brindley, D. N., 1994, Phosphatidate phosphorylation, in: Signal Activated Phospholipases ( M. Liscovitch, ed.), pp. 139–164, R. G. Landes Company, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. W., and Michaelis, K., 1989, P2 purinergic agonists stimulate phosphodiesteratic cleavage of phosphatidylcholine in endothelial cells. Evidence for activation of phospholipase D, J Biol. Chem. 264: 8847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. W., Feldman, D. R., Goldstein, K. E., and Wagner, J. R., 1989, Long-term phorbol ester treatment dissociates phospholipase D activation from phosphoinositide hydrolysis and prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells stimulated with bradykinin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165: 319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinson, E. A., Goldstein, D., and Brown, J. H., 1989, Muscarinic receptor activation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. Relationship to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and diacylglycerol metabolism, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 14748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinson, E. A., Trilivas, I., and Brown, J. H., 1990, Rapid protein kinase C-dependent activation of phospholipase D leads to delayed 1,2-diglyceride accumulation, J Biol. Chem. 265: 2 2282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinson, E., Scheible, S., and Presek, P., 1994, Inhibition of phospholipase D of human platelets by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Cell. Mol. Biol. 40: 627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massenburg, D., Han, J.-S., Liyanage, M., Patton, W. A., Rhee, S. G., Moss, J., and Vaughan, M., 1994, Activation of rat brain phospholipase D by ADP-ribosylation factors 1, 5, and 6: Separation of ADPribosylation factor-dependent and oleate-dependent enzymes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 1 1718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. N., Zhang, Y, Guo, Y., Tsang, T. C., Kochan, J. P., Altszuler, N., and Davitz, M. A., 1991, Production of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D by the islets of Langerhans, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 17733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. N., Thomas, P., and Davitz, M. A., 1992, Immunolocalization of a glycosylphosphatidylinositolspecific phospholipase D in mast cells found in normal tissue and neurofibromatosis lesions, Am. J. Pathol. 140: 1275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. N., Brunner, G., Choi-Muira, N. H., Nguyen, H., Gabrilove, J., Caras, I. W., Altszuler, N., Rifkin, D. B., Wilson, E. L., and Davitz, M. A., 1994, Release of GPI-anchored membrane proteins by a cell associated GPI-specific phospholipase D, EMBO J 13: 1741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuyama, T., Takeshige, K, and Minakami, S., 1993, Phosphatidic acid induces the respiratory burst of electropermeabilized human neutrophils by acting on a downstream step of protein kinase C, FEBS Lett. 328: 67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moehren, G., Gustaysson, L., and Hoek, J. B., 1994, Activation and desensitization of phospholipase D in intact rat hepatocytes, J Biol. Chem. 269: 838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Móhn, H., Chalifa, V., and Liscovitch, M., 1992, Substrate specificity of neutral phospholipase D from rat brain studied by selective labeling of endogenous synaptic membrane phospholipids in vitro, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 1 1131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moolenaar, W. H., Kruijer, W., Tilly, B. C., Verlaan, I., Bierman, A. J., and de Laat, S. W., 1986, Growth factor-like action of phosphatidic acid, Nature 323: 171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moolenaar, W. H., Jalink, K, and van Corven, E. J., 1992, Lysophosphatidic acid: A bioactive phospholipid with growth factor-like properties, Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 119: 48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moolenaar, W H, Jalink, K., Eichholtz, T., Hordijk, P. L., van der Bend, R., van Blitterswijk, W. J., and van Corven, E., 1994, Lysophosphatidic acid as a novel lipid mediator, Curt Top. Membr. Transp. 40: 439–450.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, A., De Graan, P. N. E., Gispen, W. H., and Wirtz, K. W. A., 1992, Phosphatidic acid is a specific activator of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, j Biol. Chem. 267: 7207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, J., and Vaughan, M., 1993, ADP-ribosylation factors, 20,000 M, guanine nucleotide-binding protein activators of cholera toxin and components of intracellular vesicular transport system, Cell. Signal. 5: 367.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, J. G., and Murray, A. W., 1987, Bombesin and phorbol ester stimulate phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase C: Evidence for a role of protein kinase C, J. Cell. Physiol. 130: 382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullmann, T.J., Siegel, M. I., Egan, R. W., and Billah, M. M., 1991, Sphingosine inhibits phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in human neutrophils by a protein kinase C-independent mechanism,/ Biol. Chem. 266: 2013.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murayama, T., and Ui, M., 1987, Phosphatidic acid may stimulate membrane receptors mediating adenylate cyclase inhibition and phospholipid breakdown in 3T3 fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, S., Suganuma, A., Matsui, A., and Nozawa, Y., 1991, Thrombin induces a biphasic 1,2diacylglycerol production in human platelets, Biochem. J. 275: 355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negami, A. I., Sasaki, H., and Yamamura, H., 1986, Activation of phosphorylase kinase through autophosphorylation by membrane component phospholipids, Eur. J Biochem. 157: 597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, R., Li, W., Kashishian, A., Mondino, A., Zhou, M., Cooper, J., and Schlessinger, J., 1993, Two signaling molecules share a phosphotyrosine-containing binding site in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 6889.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohguchi, K., Banno, Y., Nakashima, S., and Nozawa, Y., 1995, Activation of membrane-bound phospholipase D by protein kinase C in HL60 cells: synergistic action of a small GTP-binding protein RhoA, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 211: 306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohsako, S., and Deguchi, T., 1981, Stimulation by phosphatidic acid of calcium influx and cyclic GMP synthesis in neuroblastoma cells, J Biol. Chem. 256: 10945.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohtsuka, T., Ozawa, M., Okamura, N., and Ishibashi, S., 1989, Stimulatory effects of a short chain phosphatidate on superoxide anion production in guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes,/ Biochem. 106: 259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamura, S.-L., and Yamashita, S., 1994, Purification and characterization of phosphatidylcholine phospholpase D from pig lung, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 3 1207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, S. C., Bowman, E. P., and Lambeth, J. D., 1991, Phospholipase D activation in a cell-free system from human neutrophils by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and guanosine 5’-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). Activation is calcium dependent and requires protein factors in both the plasma membrane and cytosol, J Biol. Chem. 266: 17236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pachter, J. A., Pai, J.-K., Mayer-Ezell, R., Petrin, J. M., Dobek, E., and Bishop, W. R., 1992, Differential regulation of phosphoinositide and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by protein kinase C-(31 over-expression. Effects on stimulation by a-thrombin, guanosine 5’-O-(thiotriphosphate), and calcium, j Biol. Chem. 267: 9826.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pai, J.-K., Siegel, M. I., Egan, R. W., and Billah, M. M., 1988, Activation of phospholipase D by chemotactic peptide in HL-60 granulocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150: 355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pai, J.-K., Dobek, E. A., and Bishop, W. R., 1991, Endothelin-1 activates phospholipase D and thymidine incorporation in fibroblasts overexpressing protein kinase Cßß, Cell Regul. 2: 897.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panagia, V., Ou, C., Taira, Y, Dai, J., and Dhalla, N. S., 1991, Phospholipase D activity in subcellular membranes of rat ventricular myocardium, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1064: 242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, D. K., Stevens, V. L., Widlanski, T. S., and Lambeth, J. D., 1993, A novel ecto-phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolyase activity mediates activation of neutrophil superoxide generation by exogenous phosphatidic acid, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 25302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pessin, M. S., Baldassare, J. J., and Raben, D. M., 1990, Molecular species analysis of mitogen-stimulated 1,2-diglycerides in fibroblasts. Comparison of a-thrombin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor, J Biol. Chem. 265: 7959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pete, M.J., and Exton, J. H., 1995, Phospholipid interactions affect substrate hydrolysis by bovine brain phospholipase A1, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1256: 367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pete, M. J., Ross, A. H., and Exton, J. H., 1994, Purification and properties of phospholipase A, from bovine brain, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, M. W., and Walter, M. E., 1992, Calcium-activated phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and D in MDCK epithelial cells, Am. J Physiol. 263: C1216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pettit, T. R., Zaqqa, M., and Wakelam, M. J. O., 1994, Epidermal growth factor stimulate distinct diradylglycerol species generation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: Evidence for a potential phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C-catalysed pathway, Biochem. J. 298: 655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, L. M., Strulovici, B., and Saltiel, A. R., 1990, Interferon-a selectively activates the ß isoform of protein kinase C through phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6537.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeilschifter, J., and Huwiler, A., 1993, A role for protein kinase C-e in angiotensin II stimulation of phospholipase D in rat renal mesangial cells, FEBS Lett. 331: 267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plevin, R., and Wakelam, M. J. O., 1992, Rapid desensitization of vasopressin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis questions the role of these pathways in sustained diacylglycerol formation in A10 vascular-smooth-muscle cells, Biochem. J. 285: 759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plevin, R., Cook, S.J., Palmer, S., and Wakelam, M.J. O., 1991a, Multiple sources of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol in platelet-derived-growth-factor-stimulated Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, Biochem. J. 279: 559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plevin, R., MacNulty, E. E., Palmer, S., and Wakelam, M. J. O., 1991b, Differences in the regulation of endothelin-1- and lysophosphatidic-acid-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P, formation in Rat-1 fibroblasts, Biochem. J. 280: 609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polverino, A. J., and Barritt, G. J., 1988, On the source of the vasopressin-induced increases in diacylglycerol in hepatocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 970: 75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powis, G., Lowry, S., Forrai, L., Secrist, P., and Abraham, R., 1991, Inhibition of phosphoinositide phospholipase C by compounds U-73122 and D-609, J. Cell Pharmacol. 2: 257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powis, G., Seewald, M. J., Melder, D., Hoke, M., Gratas, C., Christensen, T. A., and Chapman, D. E., 1992, Inhibition of growth factor binding, Cat+ signaling and cell growth by polysulfonated azo dies related to the antitumor agent suramin, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 31: 223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price, B. D., Morris, J. D. H., and Hall, A., 1989, Stimulation of phosphatidylcholine breakdown and diacylglycerol production by growth factors in Swiss-3T3 cells, Biochem. J. 264: 509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proll, M. A., Clark, R. B., and Butcher, R. W., 1985, Phosphatidate and monoleylphosphatidate inhibition of fibroblast adenylate cyclase is mediated by the inhibitory coupling protein N, Mol. Pharmacol. 28: 331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purkiss, J. R., and Boarder, M. R., 1992, Stimulation of phosphatidate synthesis in endothelial cells in response to P2-receptor activation, Biochem. J. 287: 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putney, J. W., Jr., Weiss, S. J., Van De Walle, C. M., and Haddas, R. A., 1980, Is phosphatidic acid a calcium ionophore under neurohumoral control? Nature 284: 345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Z., and Drewes, L. R., 1989, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulates phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D in canine brain, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 2 1720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qualliotine-Mann, D., Agwu, D. E., Ellenburg, M. D., McCall, C. E., and McPhail, L. C., 1993, Phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol synergize in a cell-free system for activation of NADPH oxidase from human neutrophils, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23843.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhimov, M. M., Gorbataia, O. N., and Almatox, K. T., 1989, Properties of phospholipase D from rat liver mitochondria, Biokhimiya 54: 1066.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, R. W., Bonser, R. W., Thompson, N. T., and Garland, L. G., 1990, A novel and sensitive assay for phospholipase D in intact cells, FEBS Lett. 264: 87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhold, S. L., Prescott, S. M., Zimmerman, G. A., and McIntyre, T. M., 1990, Activation of human neutrophil phospholipase D by three separable mechanisms, FASEB J. 4: 208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rider, M. H., and Baquet, A., 1988, Activation of rat liver plasma-membrane diacylglycerol kinase by vasopressin and phenylephrine, Biochem. J. 255: 923.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, A. J., and Hall, A., 1992, The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors, Cell 70: 389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, A. J., Paterson, H. F., Johnston, C. L., Dickmann, D., and Hall, A., 1992, The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibres in response to growth factors, Cell 70: 401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosoff, P. M., Savage, N., and Dinarello, C. A., 1988, Interleukin-1 stimulates diacylglycerol production in T lymphocytes by a novel mechanism, Cell 54: 73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, E, Grzeskowiak, M., Della Bianca, V., Calzetti, E, and Gandini, G., 1990, Phosphatidic acid and not diacylglycerol generated by phospholipase D is functionally linked to the activation of the NADPH oxidase by FMLP in human neutrophils, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168: 320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, M., and Kanfer, J., 1975, Phosphatidohydrolase activity in a solubilized preparation from rat brain particulate fraction, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 169: 318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakane, F., Yamada, K, Kanoh, H., Yokoyama, C., and Tanabe, T., 1990, Porcine diacylglycerol kinase sequence has zinc finger and E-F hand motifs, Nature 344: 345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakane, F., Yamada, K., Imai, S.-I., and Kanoh, H., 1991, Porcine 80-kDa diacylglycerol kinase is a calcium-binding and calcium/phospholipid-dependent enzyme and undergoes calcium-dependent translocation, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 7096.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salari, H., Low, M., Howard, S., Edin, G., and Bittman, R., 1993,1-O-hexadecyl-2–0-methyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine inhibits diacylglycerol kinase in WEHI-3B cells, Biochem. Cell. Biol. 71:36. Salmon, D. M., and Honeyman, T. W., 1980, Proposed mechanism of cholingeric action in smooth muscle, Nature 284: 344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scallon, B. J., Fung, W.J. C., Tsang, T. C., Li, S., Kado-Fong, H., Huang, K.-S., and Kochan, J. P., 1991, Primary structure and functional activity of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D, Science 252: 446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaap, D., de Widt, J., van der Wal, J., Vandekerckhove, J., van Damme, J., Gussow, D., Ploegh, H. L., van Blitterswijk, W.J., and van der Bend, R. L., 1990, Purification, cDNA cloning and expression of human diacylglycerol kinase, FEBS Lett. 275: 151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaap, D., van der Wal, J., van Blitterswijk, W. J., van der Bend, R. L., and Ploegh, H. L., 1993, Diacylglycerol kinase is phosphorylated in vivo upon stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and serine-threonine kinases, including protein kinase C-e, Biochem. J. 289: 875.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sebaldt, R. J., Adams, D. O., and Uhing, R. J., 1992, Quantification of contributions of phospholipid precursors to diradylglycerols in stimulated mononuclear phagocytes, Biochem. J. 284: 367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seewald, M. J., Olsen, R. A., and Powis, G., 1989, Suramin blocks intracellular Cat+ release and growth factor induced increases in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration, Cancer Lett. 49: 107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serhan, C., Anderson, P., Goodman, E., Dunham, P., and Weissmann, G., 1981, Phosphatidate and oxidized fatty acids are calcium ionononphores. Studies employing arsenazo III in liposomes, J. Biol. Chem. 256: 2736.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seufferlein, T., and Rozengurt, E., 1994, Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and p130. Signaling pathways and cross-talk with platelet-derived growth factor, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severson, D. L., and Hee-Cheong, M., 1989, Diacylglycerol metabolism in isolated aortic smooth muscle cells, Am. J. Physiol. 256: C11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui, R. A., and Exton, J. H., 1992, Phospholipid base exchange activity in rat liver plasma membranes. Evidence for regulation by G-protein and Pty purinergic receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 5755.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqi, A. R., Smith, J. L., Ross, A. H., Qiu, R.-G., Symons, M., and Exton, J. H., 1995, Regulation of phospholipase D in HL60 cells. Evidence for a cytosolic/phospholipase D, J Biol. Chem. 270: 8466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, W. D., Brown, H. A., Bokoch, G. M., and Sternweis, P. C., 1995, Resolved phospholipase D activity is modulated by cytosolic factors other than Arf, J. Biol. Chem. 270: 14944.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slivka, S. R., Meier, K. E., and Insel, P. A.,1988, a1-Adrenergic receptors promote phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in MDCK-D1 cells. A mechanism for rapid activation of protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem. 263: 1 2242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söling, H.-D., Fest, W., Schmidt, T., Esselmann, H., and Backmann, V., 1989, Signal transmission in exocrine cells is associated with rapid activity changes of acyltransferases and diacylglycerol kinase due to reversible protein phosphorylation, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 10643.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song, J., Pfeffer, L. M., and Foster, D. A., 1991, v-Src increases diacylglycerol levels via a type D phospholipase-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 4903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Songyang, Z., Shoelson, S. E., Chaudhuri, M., Gish, G., Pawson, T., Haser, W. G., King, F., Roberts, T., Ratnofsky, S., Lechleider, R. J., Neel, B. G., Birge, R. B., Fajardo, J. E., Chou, M. M., Hanafusa, H., Schaffhausen, B., and Cantley, L. W., 1993, SH2 domains recognize specific phosphopeptide sequences, Cell 72: 767.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sozzani, S., Agwu, D. E., McCall, C. E., OFlaherty, J. T., Schmitt, J. D., Kent, J. D., and McPhail, L. C., 1992, Propranolol, a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibitor, also inhibits protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 20481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, S.J., Cunningham, G. R., Strupp, J. A., House, E S., Kelley, L. L., Henderson, G. S., Exton, J. H., and Bocckino, S. B., 1991, Activation of phospholipase D: A signaling system set in motion by perturbation of the T lymphocyte antigen receptor/CD3 complex, Cell Regul. 2: 841.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama, T., Sakai, T., Nozawa, Y, and Oka, N., 1994, Prostaglandin Fla stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3–E1 cells: Involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production, Biochem. J. 298: 479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taki, T., and Kanfer, J. N., 1979, Partial purification and properties of a rat brain phospholipase D, j Biol. Chem. 254: 9761.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, F.J., and Clark, M. A., 1995, Purification of phosphatidic acid-hydrolysing phospholipase A2 from rat brain, Biochem. J 306: 305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tigyi, G., Dyer, D. L., and Miledi, R., 1994, Lysophosphatidic acid possesses dual action in cell proliferation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 1908.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tou, J.-s., Jeter, J. R., Jr., Dola, C. P., and Venkatesh, S., 1991, Accumulation of phosphatidic acid mass and increased de novo synthesis of glycerolipids in platelet-activating-factor-activated human neutrophils, Biochem. J 280: 625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truett, A. P., III, Verghese, M. W., Dillon, S. B., and Snyderman, R., 1988, Calcium influx stimulates a second pathway for sustained diacylglycerol production in leukocytes activated by chemoattractants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 1549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, M: H., Yu, C.-L., Wei, F.-S., and Stacey, D. W., 1988, The effect of GTPase activating protein upon Ras is inhibited by mitogenically responsive lipids, Science 243: 522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi, S. R., Olson, S. C., Burnham, D. N., and Lambeth, J. D., 1991, Cyclic AMP-elevating agents block chemoattractant activation of diradylglycerol generation by inhibiting phospholipase D activation, J. Biol. Chem. 266: 3498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhing, R. J., Prpic, V., Hollenbach, P. W., and Adams, D. 0., 1989, Involvement of protein kinase C in platelet-activating factor-stimulated diacylglycerol accumulation in murine peritoneal macrophages, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 9224.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uings, I. J., Thompson, N. T., Randall, R W., Spacey, G. D., Bonser, R. W., Hudson, A. T., and Garland, L. G., 1992, Tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in receptor coupling to phospholipase D but not phospholipase C in the human neutrophil, Biochem. j 281: 597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valius, M., and Kazlauskas, A., 1993, Phospholipase C-y1 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase are the downstream mediators of the PDGF receptor’s mitogenic signal, Cell 73: 321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valius, M., Bazenet, C., and Kazlauskas, A., 1993, Tyrosines 1021 and 1009 are phosphorylation sites in the carboxy terminus of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 13 subunit and are required for binding of phospholipase Cy and a 64-kilodalton protein, respectively, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Blitterswijk, W. J., Hilkmann, H., de Widt, J., and van der Bend, R. L., 1991, Phospholipid metabolism in bradykinin-stimulated human fibroblasts. II. Phosphatidylcholine breakdown by phospholipases C and D; involvement of protein kinase C, j Biol. Chem. 266: 10344.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Corven, E. J., Groenink, A., Jalink, K., Eichholtz, T., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1989, Lysophosphatidate-induced cell proliferation: Identification and dissection of signaling pathways mediated by G proteins, Cell 59: 45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Corven, E.J., van Rijswijk, A., Jalink, K., van der Bend, R. L., van Blitterswijk, W.J., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1992, Mitogenic action of lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid on fibroblasts, Biochem. J. 281: 163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Corven, E. J., Hordijk, R L., Medema, R H., Bos, J. L., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1993, Pertussis toxin-sensitive activation of p2l’ by G protein-coupled receptor agonists in fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 1257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Bend, R. L., de Widt, J., van Corven, E. J., Moolenaar, W. H., and van Blitterswijk, W. J., 1992, The biologically active phospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid, induces phosphatidylcholine breakdown in fibroblasts via activation of phospholipase D. Comparison with the response to endothelin, Biochem. J. 285: 235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vingaard, A. M., and Hansen, H. S., 1991, Phorbol ester and vasopressin activate phospholipase D in Leydig cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrznol. 79: 157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, M., and Carpenter, G., 1988, Regulation of epidermal growth factor-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in A-431 cells by calcium and protein kinase C, J Biol. Chem. 263: 7581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P., Anthes, J. C., Siegel, M. I., Egan, R. W., and Billah, M. M., 1991, Existence of a cytosolic phospholipase D. Identification and comparison with membrane-bound enzyme,,. Biol. Chem. 266: 14877.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A., 1993, T cell antigen receptor signal transduction: A tale of tails and cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases, Cell 73: 209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, C. J., and Cabot, M. C., 1987, sn-1,2-diacylglycerols and phorbol diesters: Uptake, metabolism, and subsequent assimilation of the diacylglycerol metabolites into complex lipids of cultured cells, J. Cell. Biochem. 35: 231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whatmore, J., Cronin, P., and Cockcroft, S., 1994, ARF1-regulated phospholipase D in human neutrophils is enhanced by PMA and MgATP, FEBS Lett. 352: 113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. M., Rangan, L. A., Shin, H. S., and Raben, D. M., 1988, Kinetic analysis of 1,2-diacylglycerol mass levels in cultured fibroblasts. Comparison of stimulation by a-thrombin and epidermal growth factor, J. Biol. Chem. 263: 9374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. M., Shin, H. S., and Raben, D. M., 1990, Sustained increase in 1,2-diacylglycerol precedes DNA synthesis in epidermal-growth-factor-stimulated fibroblasts. Evidence for stimulated phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, Biochem. J. 267: 501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H., James-Kracke, M. R., and Halenda, S. P., 1992, Direct relationship between intracellular calcium mobilization and phospholipase D activation in prostaglandin E-stimulated human erythroleukemia cells, Biochemistry 31: 3370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyke, A. W., Cook, S. J., MacNulty, E. E., and Wakelam, M.J. 0., 1992, v-Src induces elevated levels of diglyceride by stimulation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, Cell. Signal. 4: 267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie, M., and Dubyak, G. R., 1991, Guanine-nucleotide-and adenine-nucleotide-dependent regulation of phospholipase D in electropermeabilized HL-60 granulocytes, Biochem. J. 278: 81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, M., and Low, M. G., 1994, Expression and secretion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D by myeloid cell lines, Biochem. J. 297: 547.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, M., Jacobs, L. S., and Dubyak, G. R., 1991, Regulation of phospholipase D and primary granule secretion by P2 purinergic-and chemotactic peptide-receptor agonists is induced during granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells, J. Clin. Invest. 88: 45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, M., Sesko, A. M., and Low, M. G., 1993, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D is localized in keratinocytes, Am. J. Physiol. 265: C1156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita, S., Hosaka, K., Miki, Y, and Numa, S., 1981, Glycerolipid acyltransferases from rat liver: 1-Acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase, 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase, Methods Enzymol. 71: 528.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, E.J., and Exton, J. H., 1995, Stimulation of phospholipase D by epidermal growth factor requires protein kinase C activation in Swiss 3T3 cells, J Biol. Chem. 270: 3980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, E.J., Kazlauskas, A., and Exton, J. H., 1994, Activation of phospholipase C-y is necessary for stimulation of phospholipase D by platelet-derived growth factor, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 27823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Younes, A., Kahn, D. W., Besterman, J. M., Bittman, R., Byun, H. S., and Kolesnick, R. N., 1992, Ceramide is a competitive inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase in vitro and in intact human leukemia (HL-60) cells, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 842.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, C.-L., Tsai, M: H., and Stacey, D. W., 1988, Cellular ras activity and phospholipid metabolism, Cell 52: 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Z., Shen, S.-H., and Fischer, E. H., 1993, Stimulation by phospholipids of a protein-tyrosine- phosphatase containing two src homology 2 domains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 4251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bocckino, S.B., Exton, J.H. (1996). Phosphatidic Acid. In: Bell, R.M., Exton, J.H., Prescott, S.M. (eds) Lipid Second Messengers. Handbook of Lipid Research, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1361-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1361-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1363-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1361-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics