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Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration pp 209–221Cite as

Grafted Skin and Skin Flaps

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Abstract

The ultimate goal of many in vitro and in vivo drug and xenobiotic percutaneous absorption studies in animals is to predict penetration in humans. The optimal approach would be a quantitative one that not only would precisely predict chemical disposition in humans but also would allow one to determine the effect of different formulation, environmental, and dermatological variables on the rate and extent of dermal penetration. Knowledge of these effects and of the overall source of variability in dermal penetration is especially important when designing transdermal delivery systems for drugs with “narrow” therapeutic windows. In toxicological applications, if the chemicals to be tested are either very toxic or of unknown toxic potential in man, in vitro or animal testing is required. With the current societal emphasis on minimizing the use of animals in biological research, in vitro approaches are being stressed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA

    J. Edmond Riviere

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  1. J. Edmond Riviere
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Vinod P. Shah

  2. University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Riviere, J.E. (1993). Grafted Skin and Skin Flaps. In: Shah, V.P., Maibach, H.I. (eds) Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1262-6_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1262-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1264-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1262-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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