Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Iodine Deficiency in Europe pp 171–180Cite as

Feto-Maternal Thyroid Hormone Relationships in Iodine Deficiency: An Experimental Approach

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 241))

Abstract

The multiple mechanisms which permit compensatory adaptation of the thyroid gland to severe and chronic iodine deficiency (ID) are known since many years. As a result there is a shift in the synthesis of T4 in favour of T3 and a preferential secretion of T3 over T4, so that with very little iodine normal circulating T3 is maintained despite very low T4. Overt clinical hypothyroidism is not apparent and is attributed to the normal serum T3. Here we will summarize information regarding extrathyroidal responses to ID in the rat, with special attention to the fetus and newborn and its brain during early development, as studied in our laboratory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. P. Santisteban, MJ. Obregón, A. Rodríguez-Pcña, L. Lamas, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Are iodine-deficient rats euthyroid?, Endocrinology 110:1780 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. MJ. Obregón, P. Santisteban, A. Rodríguez-Pcna, A. Pascual, P. Cartagena, A. Ruiz-Marcos, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Cerebral hypothyroidism in rats with adult-onset iodine deficiency, Endocrinology 115: 614 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Escobar del Rey, C. Ruiz dc Oña, J. Bcmal, MJ. Obregón, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Generalized deficiency of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in tissues from rats on a low iodine intake, despite normal circulating T3 levels, Acta Endocrinologica (Kobnhavn) 120:490 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Ruiz-Marcos, F. Sánchez Toscano, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Reversible morphological alterations of cortical neurons in juvenile and adult-onset hypothyroidism in the rat, Brain. Res. 185:91 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R.M. Calvo, MJ. Obregón, C. Ruiz de Oña, B. Ferreiro, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Thyroid hormone economy in pregnant rats near term: A “Physiological” animal model of non-thyroidal illness? Endocrinology 127:10 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Escobar del Rey, R.M Pastor, J. Mallol, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Effects of maternal iodine deficiency on the L-Thyroxine and 3,5,3′-Triiodo-L-Thyroxine contents of rat embryonic tissues before and after onset of fetal thyroid function, Endocrinology 118:1259 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. Escobar del Rey, J. Mallol, R.M Pastor, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Effects of maternal iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone economy of lactating dams and pups: Maintenance of normal cerebral 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine concentrations in pups during major phases of brain development, Endocrinology 121:803 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Morreale de Escobar, MJ. Obregón, R.M. Calvo, and F. Escobar del Rey, Maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy: effects on the fetus in congenital hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency, in: B.B. Bereu, and D. Shulman, eds., “Advances in Perinatal Thyroidology”, Plenum Press, New York, NY, Adv Experim Med Biol Series, vol 299: 133–156 (1991).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. MJ. Obregón, J. Mallol, R.M. Pastor, G. Morreale de Escobar, and F. Escobar del Rey, L-thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in rat embryos before onset of fetal thyroid function, Endocrinology 114:305 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. R.J. Woods, A.K. Sinha, and R. Ekins, Uptake and metabolism of thyroid hormones by the rat fetus in early pregnancy, Clin. Sci. 67:359 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Morreale de Escobar, R.M. Pastor, MJ. Obregón, and F. Escobar del Rey, Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on the weight and thyroid hormone content of rat embryonic tissues, Endocrinology 117:1890 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. MJ. Obregón, C. Ruiz de Ona, R.M. Calvo, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Outer ring iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid hormone economy: Responses to iodine deficiency in the rat fetus and neonate, Endocrinology 129:2663 (1991).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Ruiz de Oña, MJ. Obregón, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar. Development changes in rat brain 5′-deiodinase and thyroid hormones during the fetal period: the effects of fetal hypothyroidism and maternal thyroid hormones, Pediatr. Res. 24:588 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C. Ruiz de Oña, G. Morreale de Escobar, R.M. Calvo, F. Escobar del Rey, and MJ. Obregón, Thyroid hormone and 5′-deiodinase in the rat fetus late in gestation. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism, Endocrinology 128:422 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. R.M. Calvo, M.J. Obregón, C. Ruiz de Oña, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats: Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain, J. Clin. Invest. 86:889 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Morreale de Escobar, MJ. Obregón, C. Ruiz de Ona, and F. Escobar del Rey, Transfer of thyroxine from de mother to the rat fetus near term: effects on brain 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine deficiency, Endocrinology 122:1521 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Morreale de Escobar, MJ. Obregón, C. Ruiz de Oña, and F. Escobar del Rey, Comparison of maternal to fetal transfer of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine versus thyroxine in rats, as assessed from 3,5,3′’-triiodothyronine levels in fetal tissues, Acta Endocrinologica (Kobnhavn) 120:20 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Morreale de Escobar, R.M. Calvo, MJ. Obregón, and F. Escobar del Rey, Contribution of maternal thyroxine to fetal thyroxine pools in normal rats near term, Endocrinology 126:2765 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R.M. Calvo, MJ. Obregón, F. Escobar del Rey, and G. Morreale de Escobar, The rat placenta and the transfer of thyroid hormones from the mother to the fetus. Effects of maternal thyroid status, Endocrinology (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Lino, and M.A. Greer, Thyroid function in the rat during pregnancy and lactation, Endocrinology 68:253 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. F. Escobar del Rey, M.J. Obregón, and G. Morreale dc Escobar, Field and experimental studies in Spain, in: “Iodine and The Brain”, G.R. Dclong, J. Robbins, and P.G. Condliffe, eds., Plenum Press, New York, USA, 187–201, (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  22. L. Van Middlesworth. Audiogenic seizures in rats after severe prenatal and perinatal iodine depletion, Endocrinology 100:242.(1977).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Z.P. Chen, X.X. Chen, L. Dong, X. Hu, W.D. Zhao, D. Wang, and T. Ma, The iodine deficient rat, in: sdfhkj G. Medeiros-Neto, R.M.B. Maciel, and A. Halpern, eds, Sao Paulo: Ache Press, 46–51 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  24. BJ. Potter, M.T. Mano, G.B. Belling, G.H. Mcintosh, C. Hua, B.C. Cragg, J. Marshall, M.L. Wellby, and B.S. Hetzel, Retarded fetal brain development resulting from severe dietary iodine deficiency in sheep, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 8:303 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.T. Mano, B.G. Potter, G.B. Belling, J. Chavadej, and B.S. Hetzel, Fetal brain development in response to iodine deficiency in a primate model (Callythrix Jacchus Jacchus), J. Neurol. Sci. 79:287 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B.S. Hetzel, J. Chavadej, and B.G. Potter The brain in iodine deficiency, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 14:93 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B.S. Hetzel, and B.G. Potter, Iodine deficiency and the role of thyroid hormones in brain development, in: I.E. Dreosti, and R.M. Smith, eds., “Neurobiology of the Trace Elements”, Humana Press, New Jersey, 83–133 (1983).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. G. Morreale de Escobar, C. Ruiz de Ona, MJ. Obregón, F. Escobar del Rey, Models of fetal iodine deficiency, in: “Iodine and The Brain”, G.R. Delong, J. Robbins, and P.G. Condliffe, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 187–201, (1989).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. G. Morreale de Escobar, MJ. Obregón, R.M. Calvo, and F. Escobar del Rey, The effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone metabolism and brain in fetal rats: the role of the maternal transfer of thyroxine, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  30. N. Bleichrodt, F. Escobar del Rey, G. Morreale de Escobar, I. Garcia, and C. Rubio, Iodine deficiency, implications for mental and psychomotor development in children, in: “Iodine and The Brain”, G.R. Delong J. Robbins, and P.G. Condliffe, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 269–287, (1989).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Choufoer, M. van Rhijn, and A. Qucrido, Endemic goiter in Western New Guinea. II. Clinical picture, incidence and pathogenesis of endemic cretinism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 25:385 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. P.O.D. Pharoah, K.J. Connolly, Maternal thyroid hormones and fetal brain development, in: “Iodine and The Brain”, G.R. Delong J. Robbins, and P.G. Condliffe, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 333–354 (1989).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. C.H. Thilly, F. Delange, R. Lagasse, P. Bourdoux, L. Ramioul, H. Berquist, and A.M. Ermans, Fetal hypothyroidism and maternal thyroid status in severe endemic goiter, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 47:354 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. G.R. DeLong, Observations on the neurology of endemic cretinism, in: “Iodine and The Brain”, G.R. Delong J. Robbins, and P.G. Condliffe, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 231–238 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  35. J.P. Halpern, S.C. Boyages, G. Maberly, J.K. Collins, C.J. Eastman, J.G.L. Morris, The neurology of endemic cretinism. A study of two endemias, Brain 114:825 (1991).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Endocrinología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas & Facultad de Medicina, CSIC & UAM, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Gabriella Morreale de Escobar, María Jesús Obregón, Rosa Calvo & Francisco Escobar del Rey

Authors
  1. Gabriella Morreale de Escobar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. María Jesús Obregón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rosa Calvo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Francisco Escobar del Rey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

    F. Delange  & D. Glinoer  & 

  2. University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

    J. T. Dunn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Escobar, G.M., Obregón, M.J., Calvo, R., del Rey, F.E. (1993). Feto-Maternal Thyroid Hormone Relationships in Iodine Deficiency: An Experimental Approach. In: Delange, F., Dunn, J.T., Glinoer, D. (eds) Iodine Deficiency in Europe. NATO ASI Series, vol 241. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1247-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1245-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation