Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immunopharmacology of Vasculitic Syndromes

  • Chapter
Immunopharmacology in Autoimmune Diseases and Transplantation

Abstract

The first descriptions of vasculitis were by Kussmaul and Maier in 1866. It may affect any vessel and occur de novo or complicate preexisting diseases. Essentially it can be defined as an inflammation of blood vessels. Vasculitis is an important component of the pathology of connective tissue diseases; Bywaters (1976) hypothesized that vascular inflammation was the basis of connective tissue disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdou, N. I., Zweimann, B., and Casella, S. R., 1973, The effects of azathioprine therapy on bone marrow dependent and thymus dependent cells in man, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 13:55–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adu, D., Howie, A. J., Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., McGonigle, R. J. S., and Michael, J., 1987, Polyarteritis and the kidney, Q. J. Med. 62:221–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C., Elson, C. J., Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., and Bucknall, R. C., 1981, IgG antiglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides: Relationship with clinical features and other parameters, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 40:127–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, M. C., and Gallagher, P. J., 1984, Temporal artery biopsy and corticosteroid treatment, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43:416–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. L., and Stravides, A., 1978, Rapidly progressive renal failure as the primary manifestation of Wegener’s granulomatosis, Am. J. Med. Sci. 275:109–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, R., Jonsson, R., Tarkowski, A., Begtsson, B.-A., and Malmvall, B.-E., 1987, T cell subsets and expression of immunological activation markers in the arterial walls of patients with giant cell arteritis, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 46:915–923.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, H. A., Klippel, J. H., Balow, J. E., le Riche, N. G., Steinberg, A. D., Plotz, P. H., and Decker, J. L., 1986, Therapy of lupus nephritis: Controlled trial of prednisolone and cytotoxic drugs, N. EngL J. Med. 314:614–619.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Axelson, J. A., Clark, R. H., and Ancerewicz, S., 1987, Wegener’s granulomatosis and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Ann. Intern. Med. 107:600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, P. A., 1979, Circulating immune complexes in systemic rheumatoid disease, Rheum. Rehab. (Suppl.)18:11–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, P. A., 1987, Vasculitis—clinical aspects and therapy, Acta Med. Scand. (Suppl.) 715:157–163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baggenstoss, A. H., Shick, R. M., and Polley, H. E., 1950, The effect of cortisone on the lesions of periarteritis nodosa, Am. J. Pathol. 27:537–591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, G. L., Kahl, L. E., Zee, B. C., Stolzer, B. L., Agarwal, A. K., and Medsger, T. A., 1987, Malignancy following the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cyclophosphamide. Long-term cases control follow-up study, Am. J. Med. 83:1–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, J., 1954, Rheumatoid arthritis and polyarteritis nodosa, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 13:277–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behçet, H., 1937, Uber rezidivierende. Aphthose durch ein Virus versuachte Geschgwurec am Mund, am Auge und an den Genitalien, Dermatol Wochenschr. 105:1152–1157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borleffs, J. C., Derksen, R. H., and Hene, R. J., 1987, Treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis with cyclosporin (letter), Ann. Rheum. Dis. 46:175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, J. D., Brandt, K. D., and Katz, B. P., 1989, Infectious complications of cyclophosphamide treatment for vasculitis, Art/iritis Rheum. 32:45–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, W., 1888, Senile rheumatic gout, Br. Med. J. 2:811–313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bywaters, E. G. L., 1976, Vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis, in: Non-articular Forms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (T. E. W. Feltkamp, ed.), Proceedings of the IV ISRA Symposium, Stafleu’s Scientific Publications, Leiden, pp. 82–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calabrese, L. H., and Mallek, J. A., 1987, Primary angiitis of the central nervous system, Medicine (Baltimore) 67:20–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrington, C. B., and Liebow, A. A., 1966, Limited forms of angiitis and granulomatosis of Wegener’s type, Am. J. Med. 41:497–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chumbley, L. C., Harrison, R. A., and DeRemee, R. A., 1977, Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report and analysis of 30 cases, Mayo Clin. Proc. 52:477–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churg, J., and Strauss, L., 1957, Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angiitis, and periarteritis nodosa, Am. J. Pathol 27:277–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, C. G., 1968, Immunologie tissue injury mediated by neutrophilic leukocytes, Adv. Immunol 9:97–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, C. G., and Aikin, B. S., 1966, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in immunologic reactions. The destruction of vascular basement membrane in vivo and in vitro, J. Exp. Med. 124:733–752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cravioto, H., and Feigin, I., 1959, Noninfectious granulomatous angiitis with a predilection for the nervous system, Neurobgy 9:599–609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, B., Duke, O., Timms, A., Pitzalis, C., and Panayi, G. S., 1989, Selective depletion and activation of CD 8+ lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 48:307–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davson, J., Ball, J., and Platt, R., 1948, The kidney in periarteritis nodosa, Q. J. Med. 17:175–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delecoeuillerie, G., Joly, P., Cohen de Lara, A., and Paolaggi, J. B., 1988, Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: A retrospective analysis of prognostic features and different corticosteroid regimens (11 year survey of 210 patients), Ann. Rheum. Dis. 47:733–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeRemee, R. A., McDonald, T. J., and Weiland, L. H., 1985, Wegener’s granulomatosis: Observations on treatment with antimicrobial agents, Mayo Clin. Proc. 60:27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Silva, M., and Hazelman, B. L., 1986, Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica in a double blind study, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45:136–138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drath, D. B., and Kahan, B. D, 1984, Phagocytic cell function in response to immunosuppressive therapy, Arch. Surg. 119:156–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Droz, D, Noel, L. H., Leibowitch, M., and Barbanel, C., 1979, Glomerulonephritis and necrotizing angiitis, in: Advanced Nephrobgy, Volume 8, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp. 343–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwosh, I. L., Giles, A. R., Ford, P. M., Pater, J. L., Anastassiades, T. P., and the Queens University Plasmapharesis Study Group, 1983, Plasmapharesis in rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind cross over trial, N. Engl. J. Med. 308:1124–1129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellman, P., and Ball, R. E., 1948, Rheumatoid disease with joint and pulmonary manifestations, Br. J.Med. J. 2:816–820.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, P. T., Davis, J. A., Somer, T., Kaplan, L., and Bluestone, R., 1980, A clinical approach to systemic vasculitis, Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 9:248–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., 1978, The spectrum of vasculitis, Ann. Intern. Med. 89:660–676.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., 1985, Cytotoxic and other regulatory agents, in: Textbook of Rheumatology, 2nd edition (W. N. Kelley, E. D. Harris, Jr., S. Ruddy, and C. B. Sledge, eds.), W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 833–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., and Wolff, S. M., 1973, Wegener’s granulomatosis: Studies in eighteen patients and a review of the literature, Medicine (Baltimore) 52:535–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., Dale, D. C., and Balow, J. E., 1976, Glucocorticoid therapy: Mechanisms of action and clinical considerations, Ann. Intern. Med. 84:304–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., Katz, P., Haynes, B. E., and Wolff, S. M., 1979, Cyclophosphamide therapy of severe systemic necrotizing vasculitis, N. Eng. J. Med. 301:235–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S., Haynes, B. E., Katz, P., and Wolff, S. M., 1983, Wegener’s granulomatosis: Prospective clinical and therapeutic experience with 85 patients for 21 years, Ann. Intern. Med. 98:76–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finan, M. C., and Winkelmann, R. K., 1983, The cutaneous extravascular necrotizing granuioma (Churg-Strauss granuloma) and systemic disease: A review of 27 cases, Medicine (Baltimore) 62:142–158.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frohnert, P. P., and Sheps, S. G., 1967, Long-term follow-up study of periarteritis nodosa, Am. J. Med. 43:8–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furusho, K., Kamiya, T., Nakano, H., Kiyosawa, N., Shinomiya, K., Hayashidera, T., Tamura, T., Hirose, Q, Manabe, Y., Yokoyama, T., Kawarano, M., Baba, K., Baba, K., and Mori, C., 1984, High dose intravenous gamma globulin for Kawasaki disease, Lancet 2:1055–1088.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godman, G. C., and Churg, J., 1954, Wegener’s granulomatosis: Pathology and review of the literature, A.M.A. Arch. Pathol 58:533–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, J. A., Casey, H. L., McIIwain, H., Kirby, J., Wilson, C. H., Jr., and Miller, S. B., 1979, Limited plasmapharesis in rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis, Arthritis Rheum. 22:1146–1150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, B. W., Jr., 1979, Temporal arteritis, Am. J. Med. 67:839–852.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gremmel, E., Druml, W., Schmidt, P., and Graninger, W., 1988, Cyclosporin in Wegener’s granulomatosis, Ann. Intern. Med. 108:491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillevin, L., Le, T. H. D, Godeau, P., Jais, P., and Wechsler, B., 1988, Clinical findings and prognosis of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss angiitis: A study in 165 patients, Br. J. Rheumatol 27:258–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, N. D., Bird, H. A., Ring, E. F. J., and Bacon, P. A., 1979, A combined clinical and immunological assessment of four cyclophosphamide regimes in rheumatoid arthritis, Agents Actions 9:97–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S., Barr, W., Lie, J. T., Stanton, A. W., Kazmier, F. J., and Hunder, G. G., 1985, Takayasu arteritis: A study of 32 North American patients, Medicine (Baltimore) 64:89–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hind, C. R. K., Paraskevakou, H., Lockwood, C. M., Evans, D. J., Peters, D. K., and Rees, A. J., 1983, Prognosis after immunosuppression of patients with crescentic nephritis requiring dialysis, Lancet 1:263–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, J., 1890, Diseases of the arteries: On a peculiar form of thrombotic arteritis of the aged which is sometimes productive of gangrene, Arch. Surg. 1:323–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inada, K., 1977, Aortitis syndrome, in: Vascular Lesions of Collagen Disease and Related Disorders (Y. Shiokawa, ed.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 143–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, B. D., 1989, Cyclosporine, N. Engl J. Ued. 321:1725–1738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, M. F., Bedoiseau, M., and deSeze, S., 1967, Immunosuppressive drugs in the management of malignant and severe rheumatoid arthritis, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:130–133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, T., 1967, Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome—clinical observation of 50 cases, Jap. J. Allergy 16:178–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, T., Kosaki, E., Okawa, S., Shigematsu, I., and Yanagawa, H., 1974, A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCNS) prevailing in Japan, Pediatrics 54:271–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemper, J. W., Baggenstoss, A. H., and Slocumb C. H., 1957, The relationship of therapy with cortisone to the incidence of vascular lesions in rheumatoid arthritis, Ann. Intern. Med. 46:831–851.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulka, J. P., 1959, The vascular lesions associated with rheumatoid arthritis, Bull. Rheum. Dis. 10:201–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusakawa, S., 1983, Long-term administrative care of Kawasaki disease, Acta Paediatr. Japan (Overseas Ed.) 25:205–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kussmaul, A., and Maier, R., 1866, Uber eine bisher nicht beschreibene eigenthumliche Arteriener Krankung (periarteritis nodosa). Die mit Morbus Brightii und rapid fortschreitender allgemeiner Muskellahmung einhergeht, Deutsches Arch. Klin. Med. 1:484–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanham, J. G., Elkon, K. B., Pusey, C. D., and Hughes, G. R. V, 1984, Systemic vasculitis in asthma and eosinophilia: A clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss syndrome, Medicine (Baltimore) 63:65–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leib, E. S., Restivo, C., and Paulus, H. E., 1979, Immunosuppressive and corticosteroid therapy of periarteritis nodosa, Am. J. Med. 67:941–947.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, D., Cotran, R. S., Kurt-Jones, E., Burns, J. C., Newburger, J. W., and Pober, J. S., 1989, Endothelial cell activation and high interleukin-1 secretion in the pathogenesis of acute Kawasaki disease, Lancet 2:1298–1302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, J., Barnett, E. V, MacDonald, N. S., Klinenburg, J. R., and Pearson, C. M., 1972, The effect of azathioprine on gammaglobulin synthesis in man, J. Clin. Invest. 51:2233–2238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lhote, E., Guillevin, L., Leon, A., Brissel, A., Luk, C., Sobel, A., and Simon, P., 1988, Complications of plasma exchange in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss angiitis and the contribution of adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy: A randomized trial in 72 patients, Artif. Organs 12:27–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood, C. M., Woolledge, S., Nicholas, A., Cotton, C., and Peters, D. K. 1979, Reversal of impaired spenic function of patients with nephritis or vasculitis (or both), N. Engl. J. Med. 300:524–530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda, K., Nakujima, A., Urayani, A., Naskae, K., Kogure, M., and Inaba, G., 1989, Double-masked trial of cyclosporin vs. colchicine and long-term open study of cyclosporin in Behçet’s disease, Lancet 1:1093–1096.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathieson, P. W., Cobbold, S. P., Hale, G., Clark, M. R., Oliviera, D. B. G., Lockwood, C. M., and Waldmann, H., 1990, Monoclonal antibody therapy in systemic vasculitis, N. Engl. J. Med. 323:250–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mizushima, Y., Matsuda, T., Ohama, N., Hoshi, K., and Takeuchi, A., 1982, Colchicine and anti-thrombotic drugs in the treatment of Behçet’s disease, in: Behçet’s Disease: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Clinical Future (G. Inaba, ed.), Japan Medical Research Foundation Publication No. 18, University of Tokyo Press, pp. 513-517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasu, T., 1977, Pathology of Takayasu’s truncoarteritis: A statistical observation of 76 autopsy cases in Japan, in: Vascular Lesions of Collagen Disease and Related Disorders (Y. Shiokawa, ed.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 149–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newburger, J. W., Takahashi, M., Burns, J. C., Beiser, A. S., Chung, K. J., Duffy, C. E., Glode, M. P., Mason, W. H., Reddy, V, Sanders, S. P., Shulman, S. T., Wiggins, J. W., Hicks, R. V, Fulton, D. R., Lewis, A. B., Leung, D. Y. M., Colton, T., Rosen, F S., and Melish, M. E., 1986, The treatment of Kawasaki’s syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin, N. Engl. J. Med. 315:341–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A., Snaith, M. L., Maini, R. N., and Scott, J. T., 1973, Controlled trial of azathioprine in rheumatoid vasculitis, Ann. Rheum. Dis. 32:589–591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novack, S. NA., and Pearson, C. M., 1971, Cyclophosphamide therapy in Wegener’s granulomatosis, N. Engl J. Med. 284:938–942.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Duffy, J. D, Robertson, D. M., and Goldstein, N. P., 1984, Chlorambucil in the treatment of uveitis and meningoencephalitis of Behçet’s disease, Am. J. Med. 76:75–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. G., Dore, S., and Denman, A. M., 1986, Cyclophosphamide induces more chromosome damage than chlorambucil in patients with connective tissue diseases, Q. J. Med. 59:395–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R. G., Smith-Burchnell, C. A., Pelton, B. K., Hylton, W., and Denman, A. M., 1988, Use of T cell cloning to detect in vivo mutations induced by cyclophosphamide, Arthritis Rheum. 31:757–761.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, G., Bywaters, E. G. L., Danielli, J. F., Gell, P. G., Kellgren, J. H., Long, D. A., Neuberger, A., Nicholson, H., Prunty, F. T. G., Robb-Smith, A. H. T., Payling-Wright, G., Conybeare, E. T., and Duthie, J. J. R., 1960, Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa. Results after three years: Report to the Medical Research Council by the Collagen Disease and hypersensitivity panel, Br. Med. J. 1:1399–1400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, G. A., and Spencer, H., 1957, Polyarteritis nodosa, Q. J. Med. 26:43–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosman, M., Bertino, J. R., 1973, Azathioprine, Ann. Intern. Med. 79:694–700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sack, M., Cassidy, J. T., and Bole, G., 1975, Prognostic factors in polyarteritis, J. Rheumatol 2:411–420.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savage, C. O., Winearls, C. G., Evans, D. J., Rees, A. J., and Lockwood, S. M., 1985, Microscopic polyarteritis: Presentation, pathology and prognosis, Q. J. Med. 56:467–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schein, P. S., and Winokur, S. T., 1975, Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic chemotherapy: Long-term complications, Ann. Intern. Med. 82:84–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. G. I., 1988, Classification and treatment of systemic vasculitis, Br. J. Rheumatol 27:251–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, G. D. I., and Bacon, P. A., 1984, Intravenous cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone in the treatment of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis, Am. J. Med. 76:377–384.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., Allen, C., Elson, C. J., and Wallington, T., 1981a, IgG rheumatoid factor, complement and immune complexes in rheumatoid synovitis and vasculitis: Comparative and serial studies during cytotoxic therapy, Clin. Exp. Immunol 43:54–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., Bothamley, J. E., Allen, C., Elson, C. L., and Wallington, T. B., 1981b, Plasma exchange in rheumatoid vasculitis, J. Rheumatol 8:433–439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., and Tribe, C. R., 1981c, Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: A clinical and laboratory study of 50 cases, Medicine (Baltimore) 60:288–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. G. I., Bacon, P. A., Elliott, P. J., Tribe, C. R., and Wallington, T. B., 1982, Systemic vasculitis in a district general hospital 1972–1980: Clinical and laboratory features, classification and prognosis of 80 cases, Q. J. Med. 51:292–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serra, A., Cameron, J. S., Turner, D. R., Hartley, B., Ogg, C. S., Neild, G. H., Williams, D. G., Taube, D., Brown, C. B., and Hicks, J. A., 1984, Vasculitis affecting the kidney: Presentation, histopathology and long-term outcome, Q. J. Med. 53: 181–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelhamer, J. H., Volkman, D. J., Parnillo, J. E., Lawley, T. J., Johnston, M. M., and Fauci, A. S., 1985, Takayasu’s arteritis and its therapy, Ann. Intern. Med. 103:121–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, T., 1977, Behçet’s disease: A systemic inflammatory disease, in: Vascular Lesions of Collagen Disease and Related Disorders (Y Shiokawa, ed.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 201–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigal, L., 1987, The neurologic presentation of vasculitic and rheumatological syndromes: A review, Medicine (Baltimore) 66: 157–179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, L., and Bunim, J. J., 1957, Vascular lesions in rheumatoid arteritis, J. Chronic Dis. 5:668–687.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, A. D., Plotz, P. H., Wolff, S. M., Wong, V. G., Agus, S. G., and Decker, J. L., 1972, Cytotoxic drugs in treatment of non-malignant diseases, Ann. Intern. Med. 76:619–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stillwell, T. J., Benson, R. C., Jr., deRemee, R. A., McDonald, T. J., and Weiland, L. H., 1988, Cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity in Wegener’s granuiomatosis, Arthritis Rheum. 31:465–470.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabbara, K. K., 1983, Chlorambucil in Behçet’s: A reappraisal, Ophthalmobgy 90:906–908.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takayasu, M., 1908, A case with peculiar changes of the central retinal vessels, Acta Soc. Ophthalmol Japan 12:554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vollertsen, R. S., Conn, D. L., Ballard, D. J., Ilstrup, D. M., Kazmar, R. E., Silverfield, J. C., 1986, Rheumatoid vasculitis: Survival and associated risk factors, Medicine (Baltimore) 65:365–375.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, D., Goldfinger, D, Lowe, D, Brachman, M., and Klinenberg, J., 1981, A double blind controlled study of lymphapharesis in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum. 24:S125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegener, E., 1936, Uber generalisierte, septische Gefasserkrankungen, Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Pathol 29:202–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, M., and Zvaiffler, N. J., 1975, Cryoglobulinaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Significance in serum of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis, J. Clin. Invest. 56:725–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendling, D., Hory, B., and Blanc, D., 1985, Cyclosporine: A new adjuvant therapy for giant cell arteritis? Arthritis Rheum. 28:1078–1079.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • West, B. C., Todd, J. R., and King, J. W., 1987, Wegener’s granuiomatosis and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole; Complete remission after a twenty-year course, Ann. Intern. Med. 106:840–842.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, E. J., Burns, F. J., Fraley, D. S., Segel, D. P., and Adler, S., 1980, Infectious complications with plasmapharesis in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 244:2423–2426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S. M., Fauci, A. S., Horn, R. G., and Dale, D. C., 1974, Wegener’s granuiomatosis, Ann. Intern. Med. 81:513–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth, T. G., Abuelo, J. G., Austin, H. A., III, and Esparza, A., 1987, Severe glomerulonephritis with late emergence of classic Wegener’s granuiomatosis, Medicine (Baltimore) 66:181–191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yazici, H., Pazarali, H., Barnes, C. G., Tuzun, Y., Ozyazgan, Y, Silman, A., Serdaroglu, S., Oguz, V., Yurdakul, S., Lovatt, G. E., Yazici, B., Somani, S., and Muftuoglu, A., 1990, A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behçet’s syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med. 322:281–285.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, D. T., Clements, P. J., Peter, J. B., Levy, J., Paulus, H. E., and Barnett, E. V., 1974, Lymphocyte characteristics in rheumatic patients and response to therapy, Arthritis Rheum. 17:37–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeek, P. M., 1952, Periarteritis nodosa: A critical review, Am. J. Clin. Pathol 22:777–790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, The University of Birmingham, The Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England

    P. A. Bacon & R. A. Luqmani

  2. Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, Norfolk, Norwich, NR1 3SE, England

    D. G. I. Scott

  3. Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TJ, England

    D. Adu

Authors
  1. P. A. Bacon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. A. Luqmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. G. I. Scott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. Adu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, N-0027, Oslo 1, Norway

    Hans Erik Rugstad

  2. Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027, Oslo 1, Norway

    Liv Endresen

  3. Oslo Sanitetsforening Rheumatism Hospital, N-0172, Oslo 1, Norway

    Øystein Førre

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bacon, P.A., Luqmani, R.A., Scott, D.G.I., Adu, D. (1992). Immunopharmacology of Vasculitic Syndromes. In: Rugstad, H.E., Endresen, L., Førre, Ø. (eds) Immunopharmacology in Autoimmune Diseases and Transplantation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1167-4_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1167-4_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1169-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1167-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation