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The Immunology of Pneumococcal Pneumonia

  • Chapter
Pulmonary Infections and Immunity

Part of the book series: Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis ((IAPA))

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, and meningitis. The organism was first independently isolated by Pasteur and by Sternberg in 1880, and its association with lobar pneumonia was uncovered just a few years later.1 There are an estimated 150,000–570,000 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States each year and an estimated annual attack rate of 68–260 cases per 100,000 population.2 Closed communities may experience higher attack rates. The male to female ratio is 3:2. The highest age-specific incidence of infection is seen in infants younger than 2 years of age, but, in adults, the risk of infection increases with advancing age.3 Despite the availability of effective therapy, pneumonia caused by this organism remains potentially life-threatening with an overall case fatality rate of 5–7%. Both underlying disease, and youth or old age contribute significantly to higher mortality rates, and in some patient groups (e.g., alcoholics), the case fatality rate may be as high as 25%.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA

    Carol A. Kemper & Stanley C. Deresinski

  2. Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, 95128, USA

    Carol A. Kemper & Stanley C. Deresinski

  3. AIDS Community Research Consortium, Redwood City, California, 94062, USA

    Carol A. Kemper & Stanley C. Deresinski

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  1. Carol A. Kemper
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  2. Stanley C. Deresinski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Francis Medical Center, Trenton, New Jersey, USA

    Herman Chmel

  2. University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Mauro Bendinelli

  3. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Herman Friedman

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Kemper, C.A., Deresinski, S.C. (1994). The Immunology of Pneumococcal Pneumonia. In: Chmel, H., Bendinelli, M., Friedman, H. (eds) Pulmonary Infections and Immunity. Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_2

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