Skip to main content

Histoplasma capsulatum

  • Chapter
Pulmonary Infections and Immunity

Part of the book series: Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis ((IAPA))

  • 123 Accesses

Abstract

Histoplasmosis, the disease caused by inhalation of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is the most common systemic fungal infection in the United States. Most infections with H. capsulatum are asymptomatic. In the normal host, symptomatic acute pulmonary histoplasmosis may occur after the inhalation of a large inoculum of infectious microconidia. In the abnormal host, clinical infection may take the form of chronic pulmonary diseases or progressive disseminated illness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Darling, S. T., 1906, A protozoan general infection producing pseudotubercles in the lungs and focal necroses in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, JAMA 46:1283–1285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. DeMonbreun, W. A., 1934, Cultivation and cultural characteristics of Darling’s Histoplasma capsulatum, Am. J. Trop. Med. 14:93–125.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Meleney, H. E., 1934, Pulmonary histoplasmosis: Report of 2 cases, Am. Rev. Tuberculosis 44:240–247.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Johnson, H. E. and Batson, R., 1948, Benign pulmonary histoplasmosis: Case report with brief review of literature, Dis. Chest 14:517–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Palmer, C. E., 1945, Non-tuberculous pulmonary calcification and sensitivity to histo-plasmin, Public Health Rep. 60:513–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Palmer, C. E., 1946, Geographic differences in sensitivity to histoplasmin among student nurses, Public Health Rep. 61:475–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Emmons, C. W., 1949, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil, Public Health Rep. 64:892–896.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zeidberg, L. D., Ajello, L., Dillon, A., and Runyon, L. C., 1952, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil, Am. J. Public Health 42:930–935.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kwon-Chung, K.J. and Bennett, J. E., 1992, Histoplasmosis, in: Medical Mycology, Lea and Fibiger, Malvern, Pennsylvania, pp. 464–513.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Walsh, T.J. and Mitchell, T. G., 1991, Dimorphic fungi causing systemic mycoses, in: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th. ed. (A. Balows, W. J., Hausier, Jr., K. L. Herrmann, H. D. Isenberg, and H. J. Shadomy, eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., pp. 630–643.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Loyd, J. E., DesPrez, R. M., and Goodwin, R. A., Jr., 1990, Histoplasma capsulatum in: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 3rd ed. (G. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, Jr., and J. E. Bennett, eds.), Churchill Livingstone Inc., New York, pp. 1989–1999.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Williams, D. M., Graybill, J. R., and Drutz, D. J., 1978, I Histoplasma capsulatum infection in nude mice, Infect. Immun. 21:973–977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wu-Hsieh, B. and Howard, D. M., 1984, Inhibition of growth of Histoplasma capsulatum by lymphokine-stimulated macrophages, J.Immunol. 132:2593–2597.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Deepe, G. S. Jr., 1988, Protective immunity in murine histoplasmosis: Functional comparison of adoptively transferred T cell clones and splenic T cells, Infect. Immun. 56:2350–2355.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gomez, A. M., Bullock, W. E., Taylor, C. L., and Deepe, G. S., Jr., 1988, Role of L3T4+ T cells in host defense against Histoplasma capsulatum, Infect. Immun. 56:1685–1691.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Henderson, H. M. and Deepe, G. S., Jr., 1992, Recognition of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-cell antigens by human lymphocytes and human T-cell clones, J. Leuk. Biol. 51: 432–436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Goodwin, R. A., Jr., Shapiro, J. L., Thurman, G. H., Thurman, S. S., and Des Prez, R. M., 1980, Disseminated histoplasmosis: Clinical and pathologic correlations, Medicine 59:1–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Davies, S. T., Kahn, M., and Sarosi, G. A., 1978, Disseminated histoplasmosis in immunologically suppressed patients: Occurrence in a nonendemic area, Am. J. Med. 64:94–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kauffman, C. A., Israel, K. S., Smith, J. S., White, A. C., Schwar, J., and Brooks, G. F., 1978, Histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients, Am. J. Med. 64:923–932.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wheat, L. J., Slama, T. G., Norton, J. A., Kohler, R. B., Eitzen, H. E., French, M. L. V, and Sathapatayavongs, B., 1982, Risk factors for disseminated or fatal histoplasmosis, Ann. Int. Med. 96:159–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bonner, J. R., Alexander, J. W., Dismukes, W. E., App, W., Griffin, F. M., Little, R., and Shin, M. S., 1984, Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Arch. Int. Med. 144:2178–2181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Johnson, P. C., Khardori, N., Najjar, A. F., Butt, F., Mansell, P. W. A., and Sarosi, G. A., 1988, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Am. J. Med. 85:152–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wheat, L. J., Connolly-Stringfield, P. A., Baker, R. L., Curfman, M. F., Eads, M. E., Israel, K. S., Norris, S. A., Webb, D. H., and Zeckel, M. L., 1990, Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment and review of the literature, Medicine 69:361–374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Edwards, L. B., Acquaviva, F. A., Livesay, V. T., Cross, F. W., and Palmer, C. E., 1969, An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B, and histoplasmin in the United States, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 99(supplement):1–132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Furcolow, M. L., 1965, Environmental aspects of histoplasmosis, Arch. Env. Health 10:4–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Emmons, C. W., Klite, P. D., Baer, G. M., and Hill, W. B., Jr., 1966, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from bats in the United States, Am. J. Epidemiol. 84:103–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Waldman, R. W., England, A. C., Tauxe, R., Kline, T., Weeks, R. J., Ajello, L., Kaufman, L., Wentworth, B., and Fraser, D. W., 1983, A winter outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in northern Michigan, Am. J. Epidemiol. 117:68–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Furcolow, M. L., Tosh, F. E., Larsh, H. W., Lynch, H. J., Jr., and Shaw, G. 1961, The emerging pattern of urban histoplasmosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 264:1226–1230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Seward, C. W., Mohr, J. A., and Rhoades, E. R., 1970, An outbreak of histoplasmosis in Oklahoma, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 102:950–958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. DiSalvo, A. F. and Johnson, W. M., 1979, Histoplasmosis in South Carolina: Support for the microfocus concept, Am. J. Epidemiol. 109:480–492.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Brodsky, A. L., Gregg, M. B., and Lowenstein, M. S., 1973, Outbreak of histoplasmosis associated with the 1970 Earth Day activities, Am. J. Med. 54:333–342.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Goodwin, R. A., Loyd, J. E., and Des Prez, R. M., 1981, Histoplasmosis in normal hosts, Medicine 60:231–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chin, T. D. Y., Ney, P. E., Saltzman, B. N., Paxton, G. B., Rakich, J. H., Ware, M., Whit-more, M., and Furcolow, M. L., 1956, An epidemic of histoplasmosis among school children in Arkansas, South Med. J. 49:785–791.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wheat, L. J., Slama, T. G., Eitzen, H. E., Kohler, R. B., French, M. L. V. and Biesecker, J. L., 1981, A large urban outbreak of histoplasmosis: Clinical features, Ann. Intern. Med. 94: 331–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ward, J. I., Weeks, M., Allen, D., Hutcheson, R. H., Jr., Anderson, R., Fraser, D. W., Kaufman, L., Ajello, L., and Spickard, A., 1979, Acute histoplasmosis: Clinical, epidemiologiC., and serologic findings of an outbreak associated with exposure to a fallen tree, Am. J. Med. 66:587–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Medeiros, A. A., Marty, S. D., Tosh, F. E., and Chin, T. D. Y., 1966, Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme as clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a community outbreak, N. Engl. J. Med. 274:418–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Rosenthal, J., Brandt, K. D., Wheat, L. J., and Slama, T. G., 1983, Rheumatologic manifestations of histoplasmosis in the recent Indianapolis epidemiC., Arth. Rheum. 26:1065–1070.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lehan, P. L., Brasher, C. A., Larsh, H. W., Furcolow, M. L., 1957, Evaluation of clinical aids to the diagnosis of chronic progressive cavitary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Tuberculosis 75: 938–948.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Goodwin, R. A., Owens, F. T., Snell, J. D., Hubbard, W. W., Buchanan, R. D., Terry, R. T., and Des Prez, R. M., 1976, Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Medicine 55:413–452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Latham, R. H., Kaiser, A. B., Dupont, W. D., and Dan, B. D., 1980, Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis following the excavation of a bird roost, Am. J. Med. 68:504–508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wheat, L. J., Wass, J., Norton, J., Kohler, R. B., and French, M. L. V., 1984, Cavitary histoplasmosis occurring during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 63:201–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Goodwin, R. A., Nickell, J. A., and Des Prez, R. M., 1972, Mediastinal fibrosis complicating healed primary histoplasmosis and tuberculosis, Medicine 51:227–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Loyd, J. L., Tillman, B. F., Atkinson, J. B., and Des Prez, R. M., 1988, Mediastinal fibrosis complicating histoplasmosis, Medicine 67:295–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Garrett, H. E. and Roper, C. L., 1986, Surgical intervention in histoplasmosis, Ann. Thor. Surg. 42:711–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Wheat, L. J., Stein, L., Corya, B. C., Wass, J. W., Norton, J. A., Grider, K., Slama, T. G., French, M. L., and Kohler, R. B., 1983, Pericarditis as a manifestation of histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 62:110–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Picardi, J. L., Kauffman, C. A., Schwarz, J., Holmes, J. C., Phair, J. P., and Fowler, N. O., 1976, Pericarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, Am. J. Cardiol. 37:82–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sathapatayavongs, B., Batteiger, B. E., Wheat, J., Slama, T. G., and Wass, J. L., 1983, Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 62:263–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mandell, W., Goldberg, D. M., Neu, H. C., 1986, Histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Am. J. Med. 81:974–978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wheat, J., French, M. L. V., Kohler, R. B., Zimmerman, S. E., Smith, W. R., Norton, J. A., Eitzen, H. E., Smith, C. D., and Slama, T. G., 1982, The diagnostic laboratory tests for histoplasmosis: Analysis of experience in a large urban outbreak, Ann. Intern. Med. 97: 680–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wheat, J., French, M. L. V., Kamel, S., and Tewari, R. P., 1986, Evaluations of cross-reactions in Histoplasma capsulatum serologic tests, J.Clin. Micro. 23:493–499.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Busey, J. F. and Hinton, P. F., 1965, Precipitins in histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 92: 637–639.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. George, R. B. and Lambert, R. S., 1984, Significance of serum antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum in endemic areas, South. Med. J. 77:161–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Terry, P. B., Rosenow, E. C., and Roberts, G. D., 1978, False-positive complement fixation serology in histoplasmosis. A retrospective study, JAMA 239:2453–2456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Johnson, J. E., DeRemee, R. A., Kueppers, E., and Roberts, G. D., 1977, Prevalence of fungal complement-fixing antibodies in sarcoidosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 116:145–147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. American Thoracic Society Statement: Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic and specific fungal infections, 1985, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 132:1373–1379.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wheat, L. J., Kohler, R. B., and Tewari, R. P., 1986, Diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum and urine specimens, N. Engl. J. Med. 314:83–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wheat, L. J., Connolly-Stringfield, P., Blair, R., Connolly, K., Garringer, T., and Katz, B., 1991, Histoplasmosis relapse in patients with AIDS: Detection using Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen levels, Ann. Intern. Med. 115:936–941.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bille, J., Stockman, L., Roberts, G. D., Horstmeier, C. D., and Ilstrup, D. M., 1983, Evaluation of a lysis-centrifugation system for recovery of yeasts and filamentous fungi from blood, J.Clin. Micro. 18:469–471.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kataria, Y. P., Campbell, P. B., and Burlingham, B. T., 1981, Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome: Effect of therapy on clinical and laboratory features, South. Med. J. 74:534–537.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sarosi, G. A., Voth, D. V., Bernhoff, A. D., Doto, I. L., and Tosh, F. E., 1971, Disseminated histoplasmosis: Results of long-term follow-up, Ann. Intern. Med. 75:511–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Reddy, P., Gorelick, D. E., Brasher, C. A., and Larsh, H., 1970, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis as seen in adults, Am. J. Med. 48:629–636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bradsher, R. W., Alford, R. H., Hawkins, S. S., and Spickard, W. A., 1982, Conditions associated with relapse of amphotericin B-treated disseminated histoplasmosis, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 150:127–131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group: Treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis with ketoconazole, 1985, Ann. Intern. Med. 103:861–872.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Slama, T. G., 1983, Treatment of disseminated and progressive cavitary histoplasmosis with ketoconazole, Am. J. Med. 74(1B):70–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Dismukes, W. E., Bradsher, R. W., Cloud, G. C., Kauffman, C. A., Chapman, S. W., George, R. B., Stevens, D. A., Girard, W. M., Saag, M. S., Bowles-Patton C., Itraconazole therapy of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis, Am. J. Med. 93:489–497.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wheat, L. J., Hafner, R. E., Ritchie, M., and Schneider, D., 1992, Itraconazole is effective treatment for histoplasmosis in AIDS: prospective multicenter non-comparative trial. 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, abstract 1206.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Wheat, J., Hafner, R., Wulfsohn, M., Spencer, P., Squires, K., Powderly, W., Wong, B., Rinaldi, M., Saag, M., Hamill, R., Murphy, R., Connolly-Stringfield, P., Briggs, N., and Owens, S., 1993, Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with itraconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Ann. Intern. Med. 118:610–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. McKinsey, D. S., Gupta, M. R., Riddler, S. A., Driks, M. R., Smith, D. L., and Kurtin, P. J., 1989, Long-term amphotericin B therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Ann. Intern. Med. 111:655–659.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Naylor, B. A., 1977, Low-dose amphotericin B therapy for acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, Chest 71:404–406.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wynne, J. W., Olsen, G. N., 1974, Acute histoplasmosis presenting as the adult respiratory distress syndrome, Chest 66:158–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Tegeris, A. S., Smith, D. T., 1958, Acute disseminated pulmonary histoplasmosis treated with cortisone and MRD-112, Ann. Intern. Med. 48:1414–1419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Goodwin, R. A., Snell, J. D., Hubbard, W. W., and Terry, R. T., 1966, Early chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 93:47–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Parker, J. D., Sarosi, G. A., Doto, I. L., Bailey, R. E., Tosh, F. E., 1970, Treatment of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 283:225–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Sutliff, W. D., Andrews, C. E., Jones, E., and Terry, R. T., 1964, Histoplasmosis cooperative study II. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis treated with and without amphotericin B, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 89:641–650.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Sutliff, W. D., 1972, Histoplasmosis cooperative study V. Amphotericin B dosage for chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 105:60–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Quinones, C. A., Reuben, A. G., Hamill, R. J., Musher, D. M., Gorin, A. B., and Sarosi, G. A., 1989, Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis: Failure of oral treatment with ketoconazole, Chest 95:914–916.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chapman, S.W., Henderson, H.M. (1994). Histoplasma capsulatum. In: Chmel, H., Bendinelli, M., Friedman, H. (eds) Pulmonary Infections and Immunity. Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1065-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1063-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics