Abstract
Histoplasmosis, the disease caused by inhalation of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is the most common systemic fungal infection in the United States. Most infections with H. capsulatum are asymptomatic. In the normal host, symptomatic acute pulmonary histoplasmosis may occur after the inhalation of a large inoculum of infectious microconidia. In the abnormal host, clinical infection may take the form of chronic pulmonary diseases or progressive disseminated illness.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Darling, S. T., 1906, A protozoan general infection producing pseudotubercles in the lungs and focal necroses in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, JAMA 46:1283–1285.
DeMonbreun, W. A., 1934, Cultivation and cultural characteristics of Darling’s Histoplasma capsulatum, Am. J. Trop. Med. 14:93–125.
Meleney, H. E., 1934, Pulmonary histoplasmosis: Report of 2 cases, Am. Rev. Tuberculosis 44:240–247.
Johnson, H. E. and Batson, R., 1948, Benign pulmonary histoplasmosis: Case report with brief review of literature, Dis. Chest 14:517–524.
Palmer, C. E., 1945, Non-tuberculous pulmonary calcification and sensitivity to histo-plasmin, Public Health Rep. 60:513–520.
Palmer, C. E., 1946, Geographic differences in sensitivity to histoplasmin among student nurses, Public Health Rep. 61:475–487.
Emmons, C. W., 1949, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil, Public Health Rep. 64:892–896.
Zeidberg, L. D., Ajello, L., Dillon, A., and Runyon, L. C., 1952, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil, Am. J. Public Health 42:930–935.
Kwon-Chung, K.J. and Bennett, J. E., 1992, Histoplasmosis, in: Medical Mycology, Lea and Fibiger, Malvern, Pennsylvania, pp. 464–513.
Walsh, T.J. and Mitchell, T. G., 1991, Dimorphic fungi causing systemic mycoses, in: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th. ed. (A. Balows, W. J., Hausier, Jr., K. L. Herrmann, H. D. Isenberg, and H. J. Shadomy, eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., pp. 630–643.
Loyd, J. E., DesPrez, R. M., and Goodwin, R. A., Jr., 1990, Histoplasma capsulatum in: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 3rd ed. (G. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, Jr., and J. E. Bennett, eds.), Churchill Livingstone Inc., New York, pp. 1989–1999.
Williams, D. M., Graybill, J. R., and Drutz, D. J., 1978, I Histoplasma capsulatum infection in nude mice, Infect. Immun. 21:973–977.
Wu-Hsieh, B. and Howard, D. M., 1984, Inhibition of growth of Histoplasma capsulatum by lymphokine-stimulated macrophages, J.Immunol. 132:2593–2597.
Deepe, G. S. Jr., 1988, Protective immunity in murine histoplasmosis: Functional comparison of adoptively transferred T cell clones and splenic T cells, Infect. Immun. 56:2350–2355.
Gomez, A. M., Bullock, W. E., Taylor, C. L., and Deepe, G. S., Jr., 1988, Role of L3T4+ T cells in host defense against Histoplasma capsulatum, Infect. Immun. 56:1685–1691.
Henderson, H. M. and Deepe, G. S., Jr., 1992, Recognition of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-cell antigens by human lymphocytes and human T-cell clones, J. Leuk. Biol. 51: 432–436.
Goodwin, R. A., Jr., Shapiro, J. L., Thurman, G. H., Thurman, S. S., and Des Prez, R. M., 1980, Disseminated histoplasmosis: Clinical and pathologic correlations, Medicine 59:1–33.
Davies, S. T., Kahn, M., and Sarosi, G. A., 1978, Disseminated histoplasmosis in immunologically suppressed patients: Occurrence in a nonendemic area, Am. J. Med. 64:94–99.
Kauffman, C. A., Israel, K. S., Smith, J. S., White, A. C., Schwar, J., and Brooks, G. F., 1978, Histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients, Am. J. Med. 64:923–932.
Wheat, L. J., Slama, T. G., Norton, J. A., Kohler, R. B., Eitzen, H. E., French, M. L. V, and Sathapatayavongs, B., 1982, Risk factors for disseminated or fatal histoplasmosis, Ann. Int. Med. 96:159–163.
Bonner, J. R., Alexander, J. W., Dismukes, W. E., App, W., Griffin, F. M., Little, R., and Shin, M. S., 1984, Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Arch. Int. Med. 144:2178–2181.
Johnson, P. C., Khardori, N., Najjar, A. F., Butt, F., Mansell, P. W. A., and Sarosi, G. A., 1988, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Am. J. Med. 85:152–158.
Wheat, L. J., Connolly-Stringfield, P. A., Baker, R. L., Curfman, M. F., Eads, M. E., Israel, K. S., Norris, S. A., Webb, D. H., and Zeckel, M. L., 1990, Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment and review of the literature, Medicine 69:361–374.
Edwards, L. B., Acquaviva, F. A., Livesay, V. T., Cross, F. W., and Palmer, C. E., 1969, An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B, and histoplasmin in the United States, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 99(supplement):1–132.
Furcolow, M. L., 1965, Environmental aspects of histoplasmosis, Arch. Env. Health 10:4–10.
Emmons, C. W., Klite, P. D., Baer, G. M., and Hill, W. B., Jr., 1966, Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from bats in the United States, Am. J. Epidemiol. 84:103–108.
Waldman, R. W., England, A. C., Tauxe, R., Kline, T., Weeks, R. J., Ajello, L., Kaufman, L., Wentworth, B., and Fraser, D. W., 1983, A winter outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in northern Michigan, Am. J. Epidemiol. 117:68–75.
Furcolow, M. L., Tosh, F. E., Larsh, H. W., Lynch, H. J., Jr., and Shaw, G. 1961, The emerging pattern of urban histoplasmosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 264:1226–1230.
Seward, C. W., Mohr, J. A., and Rhoades, E. R., 1970, An outbreak of histoplasmosis in Oklahoma, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 102:950–958.
DiSalvo, A. F. and Johnson, W. M., 1979, Histoplasmosis in South Carolina: Support for the microfocus concept, Am. J. Epidemiol. 109:480–492.
Brodsky, A. L., Gregg, M. B., and Lowenstein, M. S., 1973, Outbreak of histoplasmosis associated with the 1970 Earth Day activities, Am. J. Med. 54:333–342.
Goodwin, R. A., Loyd, J. E., and Des Prez, R. M., 1981, Histoplasmosis in normal hosts, Medicine 60:231–266.
Chin, T. D. Y., Ney, P. E., Saltzman, B. N., Paxton, G. B., Rakich, J. H., Ware, M., Whit-more, M., and Furcolow, M. L., 1956, An epidemic of histoplasmosis among school children in Arkansas, South Med. J. 49:785–791.
Wheat, L. J., Slama, T. G., Eitzen, H. E., Kohler, R. B., French, M. L. V. and Biesecker, J. L., 1981, A large urban outbreak of histoplasmosis: Clinical features, Ann. Intern. Med. 94: 331–337.
Ward, J. I., Weeks, M., Allen, D., Hutcheson, R. H., Jr., Anderson, R., Fraser, D. W., Kaufman, L., Ajello, L., and Spickard, A., 1979, Acute histoplasmosis: Clinical, epidemiologiC., and serologic findings of an outbreak associated with exposure to a fallen tree, Am. J. Med. 66:587–595.
Medeiros, A. A., Marty, S. D., Tosh, F. E., and Chin, T. D. Y., 1966, Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme as clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a community outbreak, N. Engl. J. Med. 274:418–420.
Rosenthal, J., Brandt, K. D., Wheat, L. J., and Slama, T. G., 1983, Rheumatologic manifestations of histoplasmosis in the recent Indianapolis epidemiC., Arth. Rheum. 26:1065–1070.
Lehan, P. L., Brasher, C. A., Larsh, H. W., Furcolow, M. L., 1957, Evaluation of clinical aids to the diagnosis of chronic progressive cavitary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Tuberculosis 75: 938–948.
Goodwin, R. A., Owens, F. T., Snell, J. D., Hubbard, W. W., Buchanan, R. D., Terry, R. T., and Des Prez, R. M., 1976, Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Medicine 55:413–452.
Latham, R. H., Kaiser, A. B., Dupont, W. D., and Dan, B. D., 1980, Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis following the excavation of a bird roost, Am. J. Med. 68:504–508.
Wheat, L. J., Wass, J., Norton, J., Kohler, R. B., and French, M. L. V., 1984, Cavitary histoplasmosis occurring during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 63:201–209.
Goodwin, R. A., Nickell, J. A., and Des Prez, R. M., 1972, Mediastinal fibrosis complicating healed primary histoplasmosis and tuberculosis, Medicine 51:227–246.
Loyd, J. L., Tillman, B. F., Atkinson, J. B., and Des Prez, R. M., 1988, Mediastinal fibrosis complicating histoplasmosis, Medicine 67:295–310.
Garrett, H. E. and Roper, C. L., 1986, Surgical intervention in histoplasmosis, Ann. Thor. Surg. 42:711–722.
Wheat, L. J., Stein, L., Corya, B. C., Wass, J. W., Norton, J. A., Grider, K., Slama, T. G., French, M. L., and Kohler, R. B., 1983, Pericarditis as a manifestation of histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 62:110–119.
Picardi, J. L., Kauffman, C. A., Schwarz, J., Holmes, J. C., Phair, J. P., and Fowler, N. O., 1976, Pericarditis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, Am. J. Cardiol. 37:82–88.
Sathapatayavongs, B., Batteiger, B. E., Wheat, J., Slama, T. G., and Wass, J. L., 1983, Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks, Medicine 62:263–270.
Mandell, W., Goldberg, D. M., Neu, H. C., 1986, Histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Am. J. Med. 81:974–978.
Wheat, J., French, M. L. V., Kohler, R. B., Zimmerman, S. E., Smith, W. R., Norton, J. A., Eitzen, H. E., Smith, C. D., and Slama, T. G., 1982, The diagnostic laboratory tests for histoplasmosis: Analysis of experience in a large urban outbreak, Ann. Intern. Med. 97: 680–685.
Wheat, J., French, M. L. V., Kamel, S., and Tewari, R. P., 1986, Evaluations of cross-reactions in Histoplasma capsulatum serologic tests, J.Clin. Micro. 23:493–499.
Busey, J. F. and Hinton, P. F., 1965, Precipitins in histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 92: 637–639.
George, R. B. and Lambert, R. S., 1984, Significance of serum antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum in endemic areas, South. Med. J. 77:161–163.
Terry, P. B., Rosenow, E. C., and Roberts, G. D., 1978, False-positive complement fixation serology in histoplasmosis. A retrospective study, JAMA 239:2453–2456.
Johnson, J. E., DeRemee, R. A., Kueppers, E., and Roberts, G. D., 1977, Prevalence of fungal complement-fixing antibodies in sarcoidosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 116:145–147.
American Thoracic Society Statement: Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic and specific fungal infections, 1985, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 132:1373–1379.
Wheat, L. J., Kohler, R. B., and Tewari, R. P., 1986, Diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum and urine specimens, N. Engl. J. Med. 314:83–88.
Wheat, L. J., Connolly-Stringfield, P., Blair, R., Connolly, K., Garringer, T., and Katz, B., 1991, Histoplasmosis relapse in patients with AIDS: Detection using Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen levels, Ann. Intern. Med. 115:936–941.
Bille, J., Stockman, L., Roberts, G. D., Horstmeier, C. D., and Ilstrup, D. M., 1983, Evaluation of a lysis-centrifugation system for recovery of yeasts and filamentous fungi from blood, J.Clin. Micro. 18:469–471.
Kataria, Y. P., Campbell, P. B., and Burlingham, B. T., 1981, Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome: Effect of therapy on clinical and laboratory features, South. Med. J. 74:534–537.
Sarosi, G. A., Voth, D. V., Bernhoff, A. D., Doto, I. L., and Tosh, F. E., 1971, Disseminated histoplasmosis: Results of long-term follow-up, Ann. Intern. Med. 75:511–516.
Reddy, P., Gorelick, D. E., Brasher, C. A., and Larsh, H., 1970, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis as seen in adults, Am. J. Med. 48:629–636.
Bradsher, R. W., Alford, R. H., Hawkins, S. S., and Spickard, W. A., 1982, Conditions associated with relapse of amphotericin B-treated disseminated histoplasmosis, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 150:127–131.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group: Treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis with ketoconazole, 1985, Ann. Intern. Med. 103:861–872.
Slama, T. G., 1983, Treatment of disseminated and progressive cavitary histoplasmosis with ketoconazole, Am. J. Med. 74(1B):70–73.
Dismukes, W. E., Bradsher, R. W., Cloud, G. C., Kauffman, C. A., Chapman, S. W., George, R. B., Stevens, D. A., Girard, W. M., Saag, M. S., Bowles-Patton C., Itraconazole therapy of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis, Am. J. Med. 93:489–497.
Wheat, L. J., Hafner, R. E., Ritchie, M., and Schneider, D., 1992, Itraconazole is effective treatment for histoplasmosis in AIDS: prospective multicenter non-comparative trial. 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, abstract 1206.
Wheat, J., Hafner, R., Wulfsohn, M., Spencer, P., Squires, K., Powderly, W., Wong, B., Rinaldi, M., Saag, M., Hamill, R., Murphy, R., Connolly-Stringfield, P., Briggs, N., and Owens, S., 1993, Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with itraconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Ann. Intern. Med. 118:610–616.
McKinsey, D. S., Gupta, M. R., Riddler, S. A., Driks, M. R., Smith, D. L., and Kurtin, P. J., 1989, Long-term amphotericin B therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Ann. Intern. Med. 111:655–659.
Naylor, B. A., 1977, Low-dose amphotericin B therapy for acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, Chest 71:404–406.
Wynne, J. W., Olsen, G. N., 1974, Acute histoplasmosis presenting as the adult respiratory distress syndrome, Chest 66:158–161.
Tegeris, A. S., Smith, D. T., 1958, Acute disseminated pulmonary histoplasmosis treated with cortisone and MRD-112, Ann. Intern. Med. 48:1414–1419.
Goodwin, R. A., Snell, J. D., Hubbard, W. W., and Terry, R. T., 1966, Early chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 93:47–61.
Parker, J. D., Sarosi, G. A., Doto, I. L., Bailey, R. E., Tosh, F. E., 1970, Treatment of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 283:225–229.
Sutliff, W. D., Andrews, C. E., Jones, E., and Terry, R. T., 1964, Histoplasmosis cooperative study II. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis treated with and without amphotericin B, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 89:641–650.
Sutliff, W. D., 1972, Histoplasmosis cooperative study V. Amphotericin B dosage for chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 105:60–67.
Quinones, C. A., Reuben, A. G., Hamill, R. J., Musher, D. M., Gorin, A. B., and Sarosi, G. A., 1989, Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis: Failure of oral treatment with ketoconazole, Chest 95:914–916.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chapman, S.W., Henderson, H.M. (1994). Histoplasma capsulatum. In: Chmel, H., Bendinelli, M., Friedman, H. (eds) Pulmonary Infections and Immunity. Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1063-9_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1065-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1063-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive